BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence is a relatively newer technology in the field of medical world. This science uses the machine – learning algorithm and computer software to aid in the diagnostics in medical and dental fields. It is a huge talking point in the field of technology which is spreading it’s wings in all possible sectors at a great speed. This field covers solutions from coaching solutions to diagnostics in medical field covering under the umbrella of all what can be achieved by machine and deep learning. CONTENT: In dentistry, artificial intelligence is creating a revolution in all sections from collection of data, creating algorithms for orthodontic procedures, diagnostic records in the aspect of radiographic data, three dimensional scans and cone beam computed tomography, CAD CAM systems for restorative and prosthetic purposes. Similarly continuous research is being done in the field of periodontics in terms of measuring bone loss, amount of plaque present and much more. CONCLUSION: The field of artificial technology with its varied applications will change the face of dentistry in the upcoming times. Artificial intelligence with its application of machine learning will change the face of dentistry in future.
Introduction: Non Surgical Periodontal Therapy (NSPT) has been an effective treatment for suppression of gingival inflammation and improvement of periodontal health in patients. Periodontitis and diabetes have an inter-relationship with each other. Surgical intervention is not always advisable for periodontitis with patients with diabetes. Hence, assessing the response of non surgical periodontal treatment in diabetic patients can lead to better and non invasive treatment options. Aim: To evaluate the effect of NSPT by observing changes in Gingival Index (GI), Plaque Index (PI), Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL), and volume of Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) in diabetic and systemically healthy periodontitis patients. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective clinical study conducted in the Department of Periodontology, Rural Dental College, Loni, Maharashtra from January 2021 until June 2022. Total of 90 patients were assessed and were divided into three groups. Group A (n=30) included the patients with healthy periodontium and without any systemic disease. Group B (n=30) included the patients with controlled diabetes, with CAL in ranges of 3-4 mm (stage II periodontitis). Group C (n=30) included the patients who are systemically healthy, with CAL in ranges of 3-4 mm (Stage II periodontitis). Clinical parameters including GI, PI, Periodontal Probing Depth (PPD), CAL and volume of GCF were evaluated at baseline. NSPT was performed and parameters were evaluated after three months and then compared with baseline. Statistical analysis was done by descriptive statistics as mean, SD, percentage etc. Results: Total of 90 patients were included, among which 44 were male patients and 46 were females, within the age range of 18- 60 years. Patients were grouped 30 each in all three groups A, B and C with mean age 39.60±7.89, 45.70±10.02 and 43.90±9.64 respectively. The sites of group B showed statistically significant improvement in PPD at three months (1.80±0.76) compared to group C. Sites of group B also showed significant improvement in GI (1.46±0.45). There was no significant difference in the improvements of PI, Volume of GCF and CAL between group B and C at three months. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated marked improvements in the clinical parameters and their outcomes when the systemically healthy periodontitis patients and diabetic patients are treated with NSPT.
A severe pneumonia outbreak occurred in Wuhan City in late December 2019. Inhalation of airborne microorganisms that may remain in the air for a long time, direct blood contact, oral fluid or other patient material, connective contact with droplets and nasal or mouth mucosal microorganisms formed or proposed by an infected person transmitting pathogens to the dental environment for a short time. Contacts can also occur in a relatively closed environment where aerosols are exposed to high aerosol levels. Dental practice produces risky dentists and patients with aerosols. Therefore, the research aims to prevent infections in dental practices from hindering transmission routes between clinics and hospitals. Dentists played a significant role in stopping 2019-ncov transmission. In dental clinics and hospitals, infection control is advised to block routes from person to person.
Tissue engineering comprises of an array of specialities which combines biology, chemical sciences, engineering and material sciences for the regeneration of diseased tissues. In the novel world of tissue engineering, the fabrication and role of scaffolds is vital. Scaffolds have been engineered in such a fashion that it causes the desirable cellular interactions for the formation of new tissues for medical purposes. Ideal characteristics of scaffold include; three –dimensional and highly porous, should be biocompatible and bioresorbable, should have suitable surface chemistry for cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation and must have mechanical properties to match those of the tissues at the site of implantation. A high porosity and an adequate pore size are necessary to facilitate cell seeding and diffusion throughout the whole structure of both cells and nutrients. The ever- evolving world of medical science will now in the near future be able to regenerate the lost tissues with the advancements of tissue engineering.
Tissue engineering aims to reconstruct the natural target tissue by a combination of three key elements stem/progenitor cells (that will create the new tissue), signaling molecules (that instruct the cells to form the desired tissue) scaffold/extracellular matrix (to hold the cells). Regeneration of the periodontal tissues following destructive episodes of various forms of periodontitis is a formidable challenge to periodontologists. Bone morphogenic proteins have been considered as the most potent growth factors that can promote the bone regeneration. This review will emphasize on the unique nature of the tissue engineered bone morphogenic proteins molecules regarding their structure, classification, signaling mechanism, etc. which will further help in understanding their role and potential advances necessary to facilitate the process of regeneration in the field of periodontics.
Gingival hyperpigmentation is the condition where melanin deposition occurs in the suprabasal cell layers of the gingival epithelium. Gingival hyperpigmentation is a multifactorial benign condition which causes esthetic concern to the person. Melanin is a nonhemoglobin-derived pigment formed by melanocytes, which are dendritic cells of neuroectodermal origin in the basal and spinous layers. Melanin is a brown-colored pigment, and it is the result of endogenous pigmentation. The deposition of melanin pigment darkens the color of the gingiva. Many individuals visit the dentist or periodontist to seek the treatment of hyperpigmentation of the gingiva. Gingival pigmentation is usually considered as a genetic factor and affects different races differently. Various treatment modalities are available to remove gingival hyperpigmentation which includes scalpel technique, abrasion using diamond bur, laser therapy, electrosurgery, cryotherapy, chemical cauterization, depigmentation followed by gingival autografts, or platelet-rich fibrin. The present case report describes the case of gingival hyperpigmentation managed by scalpel technique and abrasions by diamond bur which is a simple and a cost-effective technique with satisfactory results.
For better diagnosis and treatment planning, co-operation, coordination and interaction between different specialties in dentistry are utmost important. Interaction between the different disciplines is necessary and in some cases it is crucial in facilitating coordinated dental therapy. The interrelationship between Orthodontics and Periodontics is many times symbiotic. In many instances, periodontal health is improved by orthodontic tooth movement, whereas orthodontic tooth movement is often facilitated by periodontal therapy. Prior to 1970’s orthodontic treatment not so often recommended to prevent periodontal diseases. Crowded teeth result in plaque accumulation because of difficulty in cleaning. Gingivitis may lead to periodontal diseases. Orthodontic treatment can foster periodontal health and it may also prevent periodontal diseases.
A 73-year-old woman with a lymphoproliferative disorder had successive stages of reactive lymphadenopathy in sequence, a multifocal type of Castleman's disease and angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. The disease ran an aggressive course and was associated with disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma. The linkage between the various types of lymphoproliferative disorders that presented in the same patient, as well as the association with Kaposi's sarcoma, are discussed.
OBJECTIVE: The therapeutic application of ozone and its derivatives in the dental field has been used for many purposes. However, there has yet to be a consistent evaluation of the outcomes, due to the lack of standardization of the treatment operating procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The keywords “ozone”, “ozonated”, “ozonation” “ozonized”, “ozonization”, “dentistry”, “periodontology”, “oral surgery”, “oxygen-ozone therapy” was used to perform a literature review using PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar databases with the temporal restriction for manuscripts published between 2000 and 2020. Clinical trials and case reports of good, neutral, as well as negative results related to ozone treatment specifications were evaluated. DISCUSSION: A better understanding of the mechanisms of action of this bio-oxidative therapy could open new horizons related to the personalization of treatments and the quality of dental care. The critical condition to achieve these goals is an improved knowledge of the qualitative/quantitative characteristics of ozone and its derivatives. CONCLUSION: Considering the advantages of the ozone therapy in both gingivitis and periodontitis over gold standard chlorhexidine can help to build up a ladder of its use topically.
Non-surgical periodontal treatment was common 3000-4000 years ago according to analysis of Egyptian hieroglyphics and medical papyri.Even today, scaling and root planing (SRP) remains an essential part of successful periodontal therapy.SRP remains the 'gold standard' to which more recently developed therapeutic modalities must be compared.Inherent to the clinical evaluation of SRP are such concerns as manual versus sonic and ultrasonic instrumentation, control of sub-gingival bacterial populations, and removal of calculus, root smoothness and changes in various clinical parameters, e.g. probing depth, attachment levels, bleeding on probing and gingival inflammation. Local drug delivery is used as an adjunct to scaling and root planing. It refers to devices/composition and methods for treating diseases of the oral cavity using non bio degradable devices/composition which are biocompatible but are not bioerodable for releasing drugs in and around a periodontal pocket or a gingival sulcus .[1] This review approaches scaling and root planing and the main delivery systems for the administration of drugs to the periodontal pocket, their usefulness, and the advancement of these systems effectiveness as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in the non surgical periodontal therapy.
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