Large cities in emerging countries such as Ho Chi Minh, Hanoi, and Delhi are faced with major challenges due to the urbanization. This leads to increase in travel demand and also increase in demand for transport infrastructure, whereas, the supply of transport infrastructure has often been insufficient capacity to keep up with the growth of mobility. As a result, traffic congestion, traffic accident and environmental impacts have become serious problems that related to this issue. To be more critical, these issues constrain the economic growth and social development of these cities because of the increasing in costs to solve traffic accidents, environmental problems, loss of time and inclusion, diminish life quality of citizens.
Providing new infrastructure to satisfy the transport demand is necessary; however this will be costly, take a long time and cannot bring the sustainable development for urban. The effective measure to solve problems that related to traffic is to increase the use of public transport by improving the public transport system.
Despite of public transport plays an important role in enhancing the traffic situation in emerging countries; however the share of public transport is very small in comparison with the share of private motorized transport. The main reason for this issue is the public transport still cannot maintain enough capacity to satisfy the travel demand. However, the other equally important cause is the public transport lack of attractiveness with the large part of population due to the variety of reasons such as deteriorating quality of service, unreliable and inconvenient, compared with the individual motorized transport that is very flexible and more convenient.
The increase in the attractiveness of public transport is one of the most effective approaches that can solve the problems related to traffic and transport. In this thesis, I develop the strategies,
which contribute to increase the attractiveness of public transport in large cities in emerging countries.
The thesis is divided into 8 chapters. The first chapter includes introduction of the study. The second chapter, the literature review about the factors influencing the attractiveness of public transport is described, which include the factors influencing the service quality of public transport as well as attributes of private motorized transport. The perceived quality and expected quality of public transport from passenger’s point of views are also presented in this chapter.
In the third chapter, the literature review of measures to increase the quality of public transport service as well as measures to restrict private motorized vehicle use that being used in developed cities all over the world are described. Additionally, the supportive measures that contribute to achieve higher success for basis measures are also presented in this chapter. In the next chapter, the current situation of traffic and transport in emerging countries are identified.
Firstly, the general traffic situation and traffic problems in the large cities in these countries are described. Secondly, the problems and problems causes that related to public transport in these cities are also mentioned.
In the chapter 5, the general traffic situation in a practical city (Ho Chi Minh City) is presented.
The problems related to public transport as well as problems related to private motorized vehicles are analyzed. Achieving a detailed impression, the observations and a survey among public transport users and non-public transport users have been carried out. Finally, the problem causes and problem effects are described in a cause-and-effect diagram. Based on the results of chapter 2 to chapter 5, an objective system is derived from the cause-and-effect diagram in chapter 6. Thereafter, the “measure analysis” is discussed in this chapter. In this chapter, each measure is assessed in term of effectiveness and applicability. Taking into account general trends and future development of transport infrastructure, a short-term and long-term strategy is developed in chapter 7. The main goal of the short-term strategy focuses to develop “public transport as a competition system”, which have higher the competition in comparison
with individual motorized transport. The short-term strategy is developed for the situation that no mass transit exists in HMCC; there are no adequate alternative transport modes besides motorcycles. The long-term strategy focuses to develop “public transport as a priority system” in the situation that the mass rapid transit is operated in HCMC. In the long-term strategy, the
measures that give higher priority for public transport as well as measures that have higher restriction on private motorized transport use are selected.
Following the 2009 update of the 2005 Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, Vietnam issued a new policy to ban smoking at workplaces and public places. This cross-sectional survey explored public attitudes toward this new regulation and provides evidence to inform future laws. Using stratified cluster sampling, 10 383 Vietnamese people older than 15 years were drawn from 11 142 selected households. Policies mandating “no smoking at workplaces” were supported by 88.7% of Vietnamese adults, whereas “no smoking in public places” and “increasing the tobacco tax” received less support. Educational level, knowledge of health effects, access to information on quitting and smoking health risks, smoking status, ethnicity, and region had significant associations with positive attitudes toward all 3 tobacco control policies. Adults belonging to the non-Kinh ethnic group, those who do not live in the Red river delta, people with lower educational levels, and current smokers should be targeted in tobacco control communication programs.
This study explores how rubrics can be used as a tool for students to self-assess and peer-assess their speaking performance in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classes by examining the perceptions of freshmen English language teaching majors (N=96). Data was collected using a survey questionnaire consisting of 38 questions organized into six clusters, covering the quality of rubrics, their usefulness in assignment preparation, peer and self-assessment, language learning, quality of feedback, and challenges in utilizing them. After completing a listening and speaking module that included practice in using rubrics for peer and self-evaluation of speaking performances, students were asked to rate their perceptions on a five-point Likert scale, ranging from "totally disagree" to "totally agree". Consistent with previous research in the same area, the findings suggest that students perceive rubrics to be of high quality and useful. However, the study also highlights the challenges that students face while using rubrics for peer and self-assessment, which is in contrast to the conclusions drawn by some other researchers.
Utilizing mobile phone apps to enhance students’ English-speaking skills is not novel to teachers. Hallo is an app on which users make random audio calls with several callers from different countries in the world. Based on one feature of Hallo that for every 10-minute conversation with any speaker counts towards their consecutive use of the application over ten weeks. The case study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of practicing English speaking on Hallo as daily at-home exercises. Ten English major sophomores at Hong Duc University were chosen to participate in the study lasting ten weeks. These students were required to make daily conversations about assigned topics on Hallo and then video-record them to send to the teacher for regular checking. The comparisons of pre-test and post-test results, interviews and classroom observations indicate that students made significant progress in English speaking skills and could communicate with others more fluently. The study suggests that the teacher should give detailed guidelines to help low-level students maximize the benefits of this app in mastering English speaking.
Taking its shape in the 1920s of the twentieth century, existentialism has pervaded into a wide range of world literatures. In Southern Vietnam (1955 – 1975), the reception of existentialism theories underwent no crack and proved to be compatible with the social context full of volatility. Existentialism is a “humanitarian theory” (J.P.Sartre). Existentialism theories have permeated the writers’ consciousness and works in terms of their views of the human fate in the period when "God is dead”. Duong Nghiem Mau was a pioneer writer in receiving and expressing existential themes in his works, paving the way for the existential literature of Southern Vietnam. His works reflected various social aspects of life in Southern Vietnam, featuring the voice of a lost generation. The return of Duong Nghiem Mau's fiction at the beginning of the twentieth-first century emerged as a piece of evidence for the durability of existentialism and its pervasiveness in the global literature.
Intersymbol is one of the terms related to literary semiotics. At present, the theory of semiotics/cultural semiotics has become popular and is used as a knowledge framework for reference, decoding artistic text. Ho Anh Thai is considered a great writer with dozens of novels. Each of Ho Anh Thai's works has impact and repetition of aesthetic symbols. Ho Anh Thai's novels are rich in generalization, thanks to the system of intersymbols. The voice inside the texts are expressed in the interactions and collisions between legends, archetypes, and symbols. The association of aesthetic symbol series is in the narrative strategy of the writer.
The coastal areas of Quang Binh province play a crucial role not only in the economic and tourism development of the coastal province but also in the overall development of the Northern Central region. Therefore, monitoring and forecasting seawater quality in this region is vital. However, the water quality condition assessment faces many limitations due to the lack of measured data and the complication of numerical models. Meanwhile, the artificial intelligence model for simulating and predicting water quality has been widely applied due to its timely and reliable calculating abilities. This research has piloted the prediction of some water pollution parameters on the coast of Quang Binh province using an artificial neural network (ANN) model. This presents a novel approach to identifying implicit relationships between variables based on data analysis techniques via ANN. An ANN model was built to analyze the measured environmental time series data at Dong Hoi station, Quang Binh province, from 2002 to 2022. The calculation results of the training (70% of the data set, NSE: 0.81) and testing (the rest 30% of the data set, NSE: 0.5) of the model have satisfied the total coliform parameter, indicating the promise of applying the ANN model for water quality prediction.
Background: In undergraduate education, the exploitation of information and use of the Internet in teaching and learning is an indispensable requirement to serve requests renewal of teaching methods of teachers, help students actively in research , seek knowledge, and the means can be used to examine and evaluate the learning outcomes of students. Objectives: 1. Survey on the use of the internet for searching and learning of students; 2. Study the training, guidance for digital resource for students; 3. Understand the factors that affect online documentation of students. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was implemented on 346 students of general doctor from 1st to 6th year. Results: 96.2% of students using internet; 91,6% using internet at home. 79.2% of students owning mobile phones can access the internet. 15.9% of students had been guided, trained for searching online documentation. The limiting factors in finding online materials for students was that did not know how to search online documentation (49.7%), family condition (45.7%), the computer was not connected to the internet (43.4). Conclusion: Searching for online documentation is one of the most essential skills to help medical students get high results. Key words: Internet, online documentation, medical students.
The study aims to identify the main factors affecting the motivation of officials and employees at the Vietnam National University of Forestry, Southern Campus. The research team collected primary data through the survey of 215 officials working at Vietnam National University of Forestry, Southern Campus. The research methods used are descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), scale test (Cronbach’s Alpha), regression correlation analysis, and testing of the research hypotheses. As a result, 5 factors have been found to be affecting employees' working motivation, including: promotion opportunities and career development; wages, bonuses and benefits, stable jobs; leader; friendship colleague. On this basis, the study proposes a number of recommendations to improve the motivation of school officials.
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