Background Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) without Down syndrome (non-DS-AMKL) usually a worse outcome than DS-AMKL. Acquired trisomy 21(+21) was one of the most common cytogenetic abnormalities in non-DS-AMKL. Knowledge of the difference in the clinical characteristics and prognosis between non-DS-AMKL with +21 and those without +21 is limited.Objective Verify the clinical characteristics and prognosis of non-DS-AMKL with +21.Method We retrospectively analyzed 33 non-DS-AMKL pediatric patients and 118 other types of AML, along with their clinical manifestations, laboratory data, and treatment response.Results Compared with AMKL without +21, AMKL with +21 has a lower platelet count (44.04 ± 5.01G/L) at onset (P > 0.05). Differences in remission rates between AMKL and other types of AML were not significant. Acquired trisomy 8 in AMKL was negatively correlated with the long-term OS rate (P < 0.05), while +21 may not be an impact factor. Compared with the other types of AML, AMKL has a younger onset age (P < 0.05), with a mean of 22.27 months. Anemia, hemorrhage, lymph node enlargement, lower white blood cell, and complex karyotype were more common in AMKL (P < 0.05). AMKL has a longer time interval between onset to diagnosis (53.61 ± 71.15 days) (P < 0.05), and patients with a diagnosis delay ≥3 months always presented as thrombocytopenia or pancytopenia initially.Conclusions Due to high heterogeneity, high misdiagnosis rate, and myelofibrosis, parts of AMKL may take a long time to be diagnosed, requiring repeated bone marrow punctures. Complex karyotype was common in AMKL. +21 may not be a promising indicator of a poor prognosis.
// Fen Zhou 1,2 , Meiling Zhang 1,2 , Juan Han 1,2 , Jinjin Hao 1,2 , Yan Xiao 1,2 , Qin Liu 1,2 , Runming Jin 1,2 , Heng Mei 2 1 Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2 Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China Correspondence to: Runming Jin, email: // Heng Mei, email: // Keywords : skeletal abnormalities, SPECT, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, relapse Received : July 26, 2016 Accepted : May 08, 2017 Published : May 23, 2017 Abstract Objectives: Most children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) exhibit skeletal abnormalities. This study aimed to investigate bone lesions detected by whole-body bone single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and its prognostic value in children with ALL. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed using whole-body bone SPECT scans obtained from children with ALL in our department between June 2008 and June 2012. A total of 166 children newly diagnosed with ALL were included, and the patients were divided into two groups: patients with positive and negative SPECT scans. We compared the clinical characteristics of the two groups and analyzed the relationship between the skeletal abnormalities detected by SPECT and prognosis. Results: Among the 166 patients, bone scintigraphic abnormalities was detected by SPECT scan in sixty-four patients (38.6%). The most common site was the limbs. There were no significant differences in age, gender, WBC count at diagnosis, risk group and minimal residual disease (MRD) level between SPECT-positive patients and their SPECT-negative counterparts. The event-free and overall survival rates were higher in SPECT-positive patients, but the difference was not statistically significant. However, patients with positive SPECT scans, especially those with multifocal abnormalities (≥3 sites), had a higher rate of relapse ( P < 0.05). Multivariate analyses identified that abnormal SPECT scan (HR = 3.547, P = 0.015) was an independent relapse risk. Conclusion: Children with ALL and multiple skeletal abnormalities will suffer from relapse. Abnormal SPECT scan was associated with increased relapse risk which might be a potential relapse marker for ALL children.
Periodically tunable nano-gratings have an irreplaceable role in spectral scanning and optical communication, but the performance of gratings manufactured from different materials varies considerably, and the development of superior materials has energized the preparation of high-precision devices. This paper presents a nanoscale preparation process based on Norland Optical Adhesive 73 (NOA73), which enables the rapid preparation of periodically tunable nano-gratings with up to 100% light transmission. The powerful fluidity and shear rate of NOA73 make it uniquely suited to the preparation of precision devices, allowing the production of up to dense grating structures and offering the possibility of making nanoscale gratings. This paper uses multi-angle hierarchical lithography, die stretching, and replication to achieve further improvements in accuracy and successfully prepare gratings with a period of 500 nm. The successful preparation of NOA73 nano-gratings demonstrates the practicality of NOA73 as a material for precision device fabrication.
Aims: The relationship between the gut microbiota and cardiovascular system has been increasingly clarified. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), used to improve gut microbiota, has been applied clinically for disease treatment and has great potential in combating doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity. However, the application of FMT in the cardiovascular field and its molecular mechanisms are poorly understood.
This study demonstrated for the first time the protective effect of emodin against DIC and verified by FMT that its cardioprotective effect was achieved by remodeling gut microbiota composition, resulting in attenuation of ferroptosis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that these effects were mediated by the redox-related gene Nrf2.
Abstract Purpose Infection is the most common adverse event of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment and also one of the main causes of death. To investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of severe infection during the maintenance phase of ALL treatment, we conducted a retrospective study. Methods We collected clinical data of ALL children, and analyzed the clinical features and risk factors of severe infection by χ2 test and binary Logistic regression. Results A total of 181 children were eligible, and 46 patients (25.4%) suffered from 51 events of severe infection, most of which occurred in the first half year of the maintenance phase (52.9%). The most common infection was pulmonary infection (86.3%) and followed by bloodstream infection (19.6%). The positive rate of pathogen detection was low (17.6%, 44/250), and the most common one was fungal infection. The main symptoms of ALL patients with pulmonary infection were fever, cough and shortness of breath. The main manifestations of CT were ground glass shadow (56.8%), consolidation shadow (27.3%) and streak shadow (25%). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that agranulocytosis, agranulocytosis ≥ 7 days, anemia and low globulin level were independent risk factors for severe infection during the maintenance phase (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Blood routine examinations and protein levels should be monitored regularly for ALL patients in the maintenance phase, especially in the first six months. For ALL patients with the risk factors, preventive anti-infective therapy or supportive therapy can be given as appropriate to reduce the occurrence of severe infection.
Abstract Metaverse as a comprehensive integration of multiple digital technologies of the new generation, enables human beings to bring unprecedented immersive experiences with the support of virtual reality, augmented reality, blockchain, digital twin, Artificial Intelligence, haptic IoT, and human-computer interaction. In view of the urgent need for high-speed and high-capacity data transmission as well as high integration, RF MEMS devices have become the core components for metaverse system building due to their advantages of miniaturization, high integration, and low power consumption. Playing a pivotal role in real-time high-capacity data transmission and signal processing in metaverse interactive systems, the low cost and high performance of RF MEMS devices have once again become the focus of attention for people from all walks of life. Therefore, this paper focuses on the working principles and performance optimization of RF MEMS devices. Firstly, the classification and basic principles of RF MEMS devices are introduced, followed by the advanced fabrication technology and optimization scheme of MEMS devices, and then the advanced applications of RF MEMS devices in the field of metaverse are discussed in focus, including IoT mobile communication, Artificial Intelligence, and flexible wearables. Finally, the prospects and potential challenges for the development of RF MEMS devices interacting with the metaverse are summarized and discussed.
Activating FLT3 mutations plays a crucial role in leukemogenesis, but identifying the optimal candidates for FLT3 inhibitor therapy remains controversial. This study aims to explore the impacts of FLT3 mutations in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and to compare the mutation profiles between the two types to inspire the targeted application of FLT3 inhibitors. We retrospectively analyzed 243 ALL and 62 AML cases, grouping them into FLT3-mutant and wild-type categories, respectively. We then assessed the associations between FLT3 mutations and the clinical manifestations, genetic characteristics, and prognosis in ALL and AML. Additionally, we compared the distinct features of FLT3 mutations between ALL and AML. In ALL patients, those with FLT3 mutations predominantly exhibited hyperdiploidy (48.6% vs. 14.9%, p < 0.001) and higher FLT3 expression (108.02 [85.11, 142.06] FPKM vs. 23.11 [9.16, 59.14] FPKM, p < 0.001), but lower expression of signaling pathway-related genes such as HRAS, PIK3R3, BAD, MAP2K2, MAPK3, and STAT5A compared to FLT3 wild-type patients. There was no significant difference in prognosis between the two groups. In contrast, AML patients with FLT3 mutations were primarily associated with leucocytosis (82.90 [47.05, 189.76] G/L vs. 20.36 [8.90, 55.39] G/L, p = 0.001), NUP98 rearrangements (30% vs. 4.8%, p = 0.018), elevated FLT3 expression (74.77 [54.31, 109.46] FPKM vs. 34.56 [20.98, 48.28] FPKM, p < 0.001), and upregulated signaling pathway genes including PIK3CB, AKT1, MTOR, BRAF, and MAPK1 relative to FLT3 wild-type, correlating with poor prognosis. Notably, internal tandem duplications were the predominant type of FLT3 mutation in AML (66.7%) with higher inserted base counts, whereas they were almost absent in ALL (6.3%, p < 0.001). In summary, our study demonstrated that the forms and impacts of FLT3 mutations in ALL differed significantly from those in AML. The gene expression profiles of FLT3-related pathways may provide a rationale for using FLT3 inhibitors in AML rather than ALL when FLT3 mutations are present.
MicroRNAs could target multiple genes by regulating the translation or degradation of mRNAs, and are involved in functions such as signal transduction pathways affecting the physiological functions of normal or tumor cells.In this study, the expressions of miRNA-21-5p in gastric cancer tissues and SGC-7901 cells were analyzed, and the effects of miRNA-21-5p on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis and the expressions of target proteins SMADs in SGC-7901 cells were evaluated. Inflammatory factors interleukin 1β and tumor necrosis factor α in siRNA-transfected SGC-7901 cells were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.MiRNA-21-5p was consistently upregulated in gastric cancer tissues and SGC-7901 cells compared to normal tissues or cells. The knockdown of miRNA-21-5p with antisense oligonucleotides suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion as well as inflammatory response, and promoted cell apoptosis and SMAD7 expression.These results indicate SMAD7 may mediate the oncogenic properties of miRNA-21-5p in gastric cancer, and miRNA-21-5p would be a promising strategy for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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