The aim of this study is to investigate, through finite element analysis (FEA), the biomechanical behavior of the built-in angle corrected dental implant versus implant with angled multiunit abutment used in All-On-Four treatment protocol.
Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the dimensional accuracy of implant impressions obtained from different forms of polysiloxane condensation silicon impression materials. One of the major concerns in implant-retained prostheses is the accuracy of impressions. This plays an essential role in prosthesis implant adaptation. Materials and methods Two conventional dental implants were drilled into the interforamina area of a complete edentulous lower stone cast. Impressions were taken 10 times with each of the two impression materials. Each cast was measured three times, and the distances from the reference point at the center of the superior surface of implants were compared with the control model. Results All stone casts obtained with the two techniques had significantly larger dimensions when compared with the original chromium cobalt model, on the basis of the t-test (t>1.96), with percentage of change 13.77 for the casts obtained with the putty/light impression and 13.55 for stone casts obtained with medium impression material. There was insignificant difference between stone casts obtained from putty/light and medium consistency rubber-based impression material as (P>0.05). Conclusion The types of impression materials affect the dimensional accuracy of the resultant casts.
This paper presents the design and simulation of a jumping mechanism as a means of flight initiation in Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicles (FWMAV) inspired by birds. Most flying birds take off for flight from standing or perching position at low air speed. A lightweight 4-bar leg mechanism has been designed using dimensional synthesis by motion generation. Graphical and analytical methods are established to determine the kinematic dimensions that fulfill some prescribed take-off maneuvers. Link cross sections have been optimized to reduce weight. The jumping leg has been tested with an efficient aerodynamic model that accurately predicts unsteady flapping wing aerodynamic characteristics just after launching. Transition of forces from leg to wings has been analyzed. For a jumping angle of about 50 degrees at 10m/s the 33.3 g ornithopter model gains momentum and reaches steady state flight at a velocity close to the initial value.
When dealing with a conventional aircraft, the design must be based on simplification assumptions, such as a cruising flight or a trimmed flight condition, which requires aircraft to have forces and moments equilibrium with respect to the center of gravity without any continuous control efforts.However, in case of ornithopters, there is no such equilibrium point due to the continuous flapping wing motion during the cruising flight.Therefore, this paper introduces a new methodology to obtain trimmed flight condition for a small flapping wing air vehicle.This methodology is based on applying initial impulsive forces to the air vehicle in such a way that the flapping wing air vehicle reaches almost constant flight speed after removing the initial impulsive forces.This enables the designer to examine the design parameters of the vehicle during realistic flight performance.A refined aerodynamic model programmed with MATLAB ® is integrated into a flapping vehicle model using efficient multi body dynamics software MSC.ADAMS ® to test the system.The results show perfect trimmed flight condition for a flapping wing air vehicle that never presented before in the literature.
A new interconnected translational manipulator is proposed. It is the only interconnected manipulator that makes such motion using revolute joints and three rotary actuators. Rotary joints and actuators are favored practically than their linear counterparts due to their lower price, lower size of installation and higher reliability. The configuration of the proposed manipulator allows it to maintain, to a large extent, the combined merits of serial and parallel manipulators. In contrast to all other existing interconnected manipulators, the proposed manipulator has free-internal-singularity workspace. Using a practical proposed methodology, a balancing system is developed that reduces dramatically the power consumption and facilitates using small-sized-motors. The mobility analysis is carried out using a newly developed methodology suitable for interconnected manipulators. Closed forms for position and velocity kinematics as well as for maximum cuboid workspace are derived. The developed mechanical design is validated by finite element analysis. The controller performance is tested using ADAMS®& MATLAB®/Simulink co-simulation. The results indicate the feasibility of the proposed manipulator and its advantages over existing translational manipulators from engineering as well as economic viewpoints.