Wheat Eqlid mosaic virus (WEqMV) was first recorded from north of Fars Province (Iran) in 1995. It has filamentous particles of about 900 nm in length and causes mosaic symptoms in wheat. WEqMV had no serological relationship with Wheat streak mosaic Tritimovirus, Wheat spindle streak mosaic Bymovirus, Barley yellow mosaic Bymovirus, Barley mild mosaic Bymovirus, Wheat yellow leaf Closterovirus, Sugarcane mosaic Potyvirus, Iranian Johnson grass mosaic potyvirus, Bermuda grass southern mosaic potyvirus and Bermuda grass mosaic virus. Electron microscopy of thin sections of infected wheat leaf indicated presence of pinwheel inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm of parenchymatous cells. Host range of WEqMV is narrow and restricted to several gramineous species. Wheat, rye, Bromus sterilis, Setaria viridis and Echinochloa colona were found to be natural hosts of WeqMV, all showing typical mosaic symptoms. The virus was not transmitted by Sitobion avenae, Metopolophium dirhodum, Rhopalosiphum padi, Schizaphis graminum and wheat curl mite, Aceria tulipae. Examination of 300 infected samples showed no sign ofPolymyxa graminis association. Sequence analysis of about 700 nt of the 3'-region of WEqMV genome showed no identity with any other virus in Potyviridae. It showed only similarity in amino acid sequences with sugarcane streak mosaic virus. On the basis of the results of electron microscopy, serology, host range, transmission and sequence analysis, WEqMV is a new addition to Potyviridae and probably representative of a new genus in this family.
One hundred-thirty soil isolates of A. flavus were collected from commercial pistachio orchards in two main production regions including Rafsanjan (Kerman Province, south-eastern of Iran) and Damghan (Semnan Province, central north of Iran) and assayed for vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs). The sixteen and twenty VCGs were identified for 41 and 37 nit-mutant producing isolates of A. flavus. The variability in morphology was found among A. flavus isolates from different VCGs, but no variability among isolates from the same VCG. VCG diversity for A. flavus isolates from Damghan and Rafsanjan was 54 and 39%, respectively. The high VCG members in small size-isolates of A. flavus from Damghan indicated high genetic variability in fungal population. Because of the small number of sclerotium-producing isolates of A. flavus, we did not determine the relationships between sclerotium production with VCG in two pistachio production regions. This study was the first to determine the strain and VCG diversity of soil isolates of A. flavus from pistachio orchards in Iran.
Background: Hemoglobin-D (Hb D) is an uncommon structural hemoglobin variant, which is reported to be prevalent in north western India. There are only a few small series, of this entity in the literature. We report the largest single center experience on this entity from Iran.
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