Although prevention strategies to assure good mental health in the workplace have become important, worker notification in studies using psychometric tests has rarely been discussed. Until now it has been difficult to prepare a large number of notifications that are tailored well for individual workers. We have developed a system to create notifications that explain the results for individual workers in plain language using a relational database (RDB). First, scores for each test were divided into categories and the workers' data was classified. Then, explanations were written for each category. RDB software read component files into a database file, integrated all data, and printed out notifications. After the system was developed, we realized its high potential for use in occupational health care, as well as in many other fields. We also report an example of its application.
The paper presents a formal model of the exit and voice framework proposed by Hirschman. More speci cally, we modify Crawford and Sobel's cheap talk model such that the sender of a cheap talk message has an exit option. We demonstrate that the presence of the exit option may increase the informativeness of cheap talk and improve welfare if the exit option is relatively attractive to the sender and relatively unattractive to the receiver. Moreover, it is veri ed that perfect information transmission can be approximated in the limit. The results suggest that the exit reinforces the voice in that the credibility of exit increases the informativeness of the voice.
Burnout is construed as a phenomenon occurring among professionals who work with people 1,2) , and as a result raises serious problems for human service workers, especially hospital nurses.Nurses' burnout, known to be related to age and working years 3) , can have an adverse impact on nurses' development and the quality of care in medical institutes 4,5) .In the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) which measures burnout in general professions, burnout consists of three factors: exhaustion, cynicism, and reduced professional efficacy 1) .Exhaustion refers to fatigue, cynicism refers to indifference or a distant attitude toward work, professional efficacy refers to both social and non-social accomplishment at work.Tao and Kudo, in a cross-sectional study, suggested that nurses' burnout would result in their intention of leaving 6) .A few other studies which have investigated Japanese nurses' turnover by cross-sectional study have indicated that the reasons for their turnover were low supervisory support, health problems, inadequate career development, low job satisfaction, familial issues, poor working conditions, low job control, high job demand, and depressive status [7][8][9][10] .We have investigated the factors associated with nurses' turnover in order to understand the factors contributing to the turnover of high-skilled nurses with the objective of maintaining the quality of nursing in medical institutes.With reference to the indication of Tao et al., we hypothesized that Japanese nurses' turnover was associated with burnout, and we explored the relationship between turnover and burnout by a follow-up study in order to certify our hypothesis.
The present study investigated relationships among self-management skills, communication with superiors, and the mental health of employees in a Japanese worksite. The subjects were manufacturing workers in a medium-sized company in Kyushu. In 1999, we mailed a selfadministrated questionnaire which included questions on age, gender, job rank, communication with superiors, a General Self-Efficacy Scale, a Self-Management Skill Scale, and the Japanese version of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Eighty percent of the subjects returned the questionnaire. Excluding senior managers and insufficient answers, the final response rate was fifty-five percent. The multiple regression analysis showed that job rank contributed significantly and positively and that age, communication with superiors, and self-management skills contributed significantly and negatively to the GHQ-12. Our results implied that self-management skills might have the potential of affecting the mental health of Japanese employees.
In this paper, we investigate equilibrium cycles in dynamic general equilibrium models with cash-in-advance constraints. Our findings are two-fold. First, in such models, if an equilibrium cycle exists, then there also exists a continuum of equilibrium cycles in its neighborhood. Second, the limit cycle, to which a dynamic path converges, varies continuously according to the initial distribution of the money holdings. Thus, temporary shocks that affect the initial distribution have permanent effects in such models; that is, such models exhibit hysteresis. Furthermore, we also explore the logic behind the results.
In this paper, we present a search model with divisible money in which there exists a continuum of monetary equilibria with strictly increasing continuous value functions and with non-discrete money holdings distributions.
