The RGD motif is a cell adhesion sequence that binds to integrins, a receptor family for extracellular matrix proteins. We previously reported that the RGDX1X2 sequence, where X1X2 is VF or NY, is required for integrin αvβ5-mediated cell adhesion. However, the importance and applications of the X1X2 combinations and their surrounding sequences of integrin αvβ5-binding RGDX1X2-containing peptides have not been comprehensively elucidated. Therefore, we aimed to identify an RGD-containing peptide with enhanced integrin αvβ5 binding activity. We synthesized various peptides based on the RGDVF and RGDNY peptides to optimize the N-terminal, C-terminal, and X1X2 combinations of the RGDX1X2 sequence. These peptides were immobilized on maleimide-functionalized bovine serum albumin-coated plates via a thiol-maleimide reaction, and cell adhesion was evaluated using HeLa cells and human dermal fibroblasts. Consequently, CPPP-RGDTF and CPPP-RGDTFI were identified as highly active peptides for integrin αvβ5-mediated cell adhesion. CPPP-RGDTF and CPPP-RGDTFI are expected to serve as cell adhesion molecules for developing culture substrates and biomaterials. Furthermore, these findings provide important novel insights into the interaction between the RGD motifs and integrins.
Glycidyl fatty acid esters (GEs) can be found in food, and they can be converted into genotoxic animal carcinogen glycidol in vivo by the action of lipase. This study examined whether human ingestion of charbroiled pork containing high levels of GEs (300 µg/day) increased glycidol-hemoglobin adduct (diHOPrVal), a marker of internal exposure to glycidol using LC-MS/MS. Contrary to expectation, the diHOPrVal value before ingesting charbroiled pork was 3.11 ± 1.10 pmol/g globin, which slightly decreased to 2.48 ± 0.47 pmol/g globin after 5 days of consumption. The decrease in lipase activity caused by the continuous consumption of lipid-rich foods such as meat in humans might decrease internal exposure to glycidol released from its esters. Thus, lipase activity was measured in C57/BL6J mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks, and diHOPrVal formation was measured after the administration of glycidyl oleate. Lipase activity was significantly lower in the HFD group than in the normal diet group. The amount of diHOPrVal was reduced in the HFD group. Therefore, the lipase activity was reduced by HFD, thereby decreasing the degradation of glycidol from glycidyl oleate. These results indicate that changes in lipase activity depending on the amount of lipids in the diet may affect the assessment of GEs exposure, and monitoring the lipase activity would provide a comprehensive understanding of exposure assessment.
Previous studies on decision-making of living kidney donors have indicated issues regarding donors' autonomy is inherent in decision-making to donate their kidney. Establishing effective decision-making support that guarantees autonomy of living kidney donor candidates is important.
Abstract Glycidol fatty acid esters that are present in foods are degraded in vivo to the animal carcinogen glycidol, which binds to the N ‐terminal valine of hemoglobin (Hb) to form N ‐(2,3‐dihydroxypropyl)valine (diHOPrVal) adducts. The existence of other chemicals that are converted to glycidol is unknown. To determine the effect of different exposure conditions on the formation of diHOPrVal adducts, several glycidol‐related chemicals (3‐monochloropropane‐1,2‐diol; 3‐MCPD, epichlorohydrin, glyceraldehyde, acrylic acid, and 1,2‐propanediol) were evaluated using in vitro and in vivo (single/repeated dose) methods. In vitro, the reaction of 3‐MCPD or epichlorohydrin with human Hb produced 17% and 0.7% of diHOPrVal, as compared to equimolar glycidol, respectively. Following a single administration of glycidol‐related compounds to ICR mice, diHOPrVal formation was observed only in the epichlorohydrin‐treated group after day 5 of exposure. After 14 days of repeated dosing, the amounts of diHOPrVal produced by epichlorohydrin and 3‐MCPD in vivo were <1% of diHOPrVal produced by an equal molar concentration of glycidol. Furthermore, glyceraldehyde group produced 0.2% of diHOPrVal at the same molar concentration of glycidol equivalents, in which diHOPrVal formation could not be confirmed by the in vitro assay. The results indicate the usefulness of diHOPrVal as an exposure marker for glycidol; however, the contribution of its formation in vivo by exposure to various chemicals will be necessary to validate and interpret the results.
Objective: To examine the nursing students ' perception s of organ transplantation in Japan. Materials and Methods:This is a mixed methods research.Firstly, we conducted the questioner survey on the degree of recognition about organ transplantation of nursing students who had not taken the education concerning organ transplantation.Secondly, we conducted through the group interviews with 19 nursing students for their perceptions of organ transplantation.We analyzed the data quantitatively and qualitatively. Results:The quantitative data showed that 225 students (95.7%) responded, and the number of valid responses was 209 (88.9%).Those students who had not taken any educational classes related to organ transplantation and nursing students had less understanding on organ transplantation, but they were highly interested in these, and felt the need s for education of organ transplantation.These were not significance by the academic grade year.The qualitative data analysis led to 394 codes, and led to 31 sub categories.Finally, 6 categories such as "The wrong perceptions of recipients and donors of organ transplantation", "The feeling of appreciation for donors giving their organs", "The wish for the lifesaving and popularization of organ transplantation", "The question about the rules of the organ donation", "The imagination about the nurses and coordinators of organ transplantation", "The necessity of the education concerning organ transplantation" were yielded from the sub categories. Conclusion:There was lack of the nursing students' perceptions of organ transplantation.It is necessary to review the educational contents concerning medical treatment of organ transplantation more actively in the nursing education more actively.
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