SummaryExperiments were carried out for iodination of human prolactin (HPr) obtained from the National Institute of Arthritis, Metabolism and Digestive Diseases, USA. Three radioactive protein peaks, presumably an aggregate, a dimer and a monomer of HPr capable of binding to anti-HPr sera were isolated on Sephadex G-100 chromatography. A satisfactory assay for estimation of HPr in serum could be established only with the radioactive monomer as the tracer, although it was possible to get a standard curve with the radioactive aggregate as the tracer. On occasions, the monomer tracer failed to produce a satisfactory standard curve, although it was otherwise indistinguishable from a satisfactory monomer tracer. The solid phase lactoperoxidase method of iodination was found to be the most reliable for the preparation of an I'25-labelled HPr.
SUMMARY Human chorionic somato-mammotrophin (HCS) and the activities of heat-stable alkaline phosphatase (HSAP) and cysteine aminopeptidase (CAP) in the serum of normal pregnant women were studied. The hormone and enzymes were detectable at the early stage of pregnancy and all showed an increase with the progress of gestation. A highly significant correlation was found between HCS and activities of HSAP and CAP during all stages of gestation. Human chorionic somato-mammotrophin and oestrogens were measured in the urine of pregnant women. The correlation coefficient between these factors was smaller than that found between serum enzymes and HCS but was still significant.
SUMMARY When organ cultures of rat adrenal glands are exposed to gaseous phases of air and hyperbaric oxygen at 2 atm., Δ 5 -3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase is inactivated in both gaseous phases. During the first 24 hr., inactivation is more rapid in air but after 24 hr. little or no difference in rate is observed and little or no activity remains after 72 hr. Estimates of 11- and 18-steroid hydroxylases after various periods of culture in the two gaseous phases and in the absence of exogenous substrate showed similar rates of inactivation during the first 24 hr. When progesterone was used as an exogenous substrate more enzyme activity remained after 24 hr. culture in hyperbaric oxygen than in air. Little enzyme activity remained after 72 hr. The activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconic dehydrogenase and iso-citric dehydrogenase fall markedly when organ cultures of rat adrenal glands are incubated for 24 hr. in air and in hyperbaric oxygen at 2 atm. The enzymes were, however, no more sensitive to hyperbaric oxygen than to air.
ABSTRACT The effect of norethisterone (17α-ethynyl-17β-hydroxy-19-norandrost-4-en-3-one) on certain aspects of pituitary and ovarian function has been investigated in seven healthy women. Twenty-four urine samples were collected daily throughout control cycles and subsequently during the second cycle of treatment with 0.35 mg/day of norethisterone. LH, FSH and total oestrogens were measured in all urine specimens and the level of pregnanediol-3α-glucuronoside on selected days during the luteal phase. In addition, progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and oestradiol were determined in peripheral venous plasma nine days after the peak of urinary LH. At the same time, progesterone secretion and metabolism were assessed from the analyses of urinary metabolites following the intravenous administration of labelled progesterone. The results show that, in general, norethisterone at this dose does not affect either the level or pattern of FSH, but in five subjects, there was a variable reduction in the midcycle peak of LH (to 33–85 % of the control value). In six subjects, there was a marked reduction in the levels of urinary pregnanediol (to 8–80% of the control value), plasma progesterone (16–55 %), and the urinary production rate of progesterone (3–51 %). In contrast, the level of urinary oestrogen per cycle was increased to 140–160 % in all subjects and the mean values showed an abnormal cyclical pattern. Changes in the distribution of labelled metabolites during treatment indicated the existence of at least two pools of progesterone metabolism.
ABSTRACT The effects of the activation of protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC) and corticosteroids were investigated on the release of corticotrophinreleasing factor-41 (CRF), arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin from rat fetal hypothalamic cells in culture. Both forskolin and PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) increased CRF, AVP and oxytocin release, while dexamethasone and aldosterone only reduced basal secretion of CRF. Both steroids also inhibited forskolin-induced CRF, AVP and oxytocin responses to PMA. These data provide direct evidence for a role for both PKC- and PKA-mediated mechanisms in the regulation of CRF, AVP and oxytocin release and for differential effects of both glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids on PKA- and PKC-stimulated responses. Journal of Endocrinology (1992) 132, 57–65