Robotic surgery is one of the most recent technologies in healthcare building field. Due to the design complexity of Robotic surgery wards, computational implementations are being developed to either measure the effect of inserting advanced technologies as Electronic medical recorders and tele surgery, or evaluate design alternatives on healthcare building. This paper presents a design framework that responds to the need for coordinating design phases for Robotic Surgery Wards (RSWs) computationally. This proposed design framework for RSWs can generate functional RSW alternatives and more than one solution for each alternative. The framework has been structured based on the main architectural considerations of RSWs which are geometric and topological, the economic considerations, specific developed pools for shape and corridor patterns, and the theory of “Shape Grammars"has been utilized to compute the framework to generate a vast number of design alternatives. Accordingly, a computational implementation has been established to assist designers in early design stages. Numerical validation for the applications of the developed framework and implementation has been conducted by using reference examples of RSWs. The main finding in this paper is providing healthcare building designers with a computational implementation that generates RSW alternative computationally based on specific shape and cost levels.
A growing attention has been paid to building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) from both architectural and engineering favorability. There are various computational tools developed to provide computations to optimize BIPVs and often simulations for predicting their performance. This provides a great potential for designers to have different helpful tools to be utilized. This paper introduces a comparative analysis of the most common computational tools that compute or simulate main parameters of BIPVs: building energy consumption, solar exposure radiation flux and PV system performance. These computational tools are classified based the method of processing the inputs and compared using evaluation criteria. Also, optimization algorithms that can be used in optimizing BIPVs have been compared. This comparative analysis helps designers to determine better tool/s and algorithm/s for their design cases and required optimization for BIPV. The main findings of this study are the capabilities, limitations, advantages and disadvantages of each computational tool and optimization algorithm presented, in addition to the best selections among them via a comparative analysis to be used for different design cases.
Abstract Aims Our aim is to describe the clinical characteristics and management of patients hospitalized with acute heart failure (HHF) and ambulatory patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) in Egypt and compare them with heart failure (HF) patients from other countries in the European Society of Cardiology‐Heart Failure (ESC‐HF) registry. Methods and results The ESC‐HF Long‐term Registry is a prospective, multi‐centre, observational study of patients presenting to cardiology centres in member countries of the ESC. From April 2011 to February 2014, a total of 2145 patients with HF were recruited from 20 centres all over Egypt. Of these patients, 1475 (68.8%) were hospitalized with HHF, while 670 (31.2%) had CHF. Less than one‐third (32.1%) of all patients were females. HHF patients {median age of 61 years [interquartile range (IQR), 53–69]} were older than CHF patients [median age of 57 years (IQR,46‐64)]; P < 0.0001. They had more diabetes mellitus (45.4% vs. 31.8%; P < 0.0001). Left ventricular ejection fraction > 45% was present in 22% of HHF vs. 25.6% of CHF ( P = 0.17). Atrial fibrillation existed in about a quarter of all patients (24.5%). Ischaemic heart disease was the main cause of HF in Egyptian patients. All‐cause in‐hospital mortality was 5%. Egyptian patients presented at a much earlier age than in other regions in the registry. They had more diabetes mellitus. Atrial fibrillation prevalence was remarkably lower. Other co‐morbidities (renal dysfunction, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease) occurred less frequently. Conclusion Patients in the Egyptian cohort exhibited distinct features from HF patients in other countries in the ESC‐HF Long‐term Registry.
Abstract Background Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and nocturnal “nondipping” of blood pressure detected via ambulatory blood pressure monitoring are predictors of increased cardiovascular morbidity. Methods A prospective cohort study including normotensive women with a history of preeclampsia in their current pregnancy was conducted. All cases were subjected to 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and 2-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography 3 months after delivery. Results This study included 128 women with a mean (SD) age of 28.6 (5.1) years and a mean (SD) basal blood pressure of 123.1 (6.4)/74.6 (5.9) mm Hg. Among the participants, 90 (70.3%) exhibited an ambulatory blood pressure monitoring profile illustrating nocturnal blood pressure “dipping” (the mean night to day time blood pressure ratio ≤ 0.9), whereas 38 (29.7%) were nondippers. Diastolic dysfunction (impaired left ventricular relaxation) was present in 28 nondippers (73.7%), whereas none of the dippers exhibited diastolic dysfunction. Women with severe preeclampsia were more frequently nondippers (35.5% vs 24.2%; P = .02) and experienced diastolic dysfunction (29% vs 15%; P = .01) than were those with mild preeclampsia. Severe preeclampsia (odds ratio [OR], 1.08; 95% CI, 1.05–10.56; P < .001) and history of recurrent preeclampsia (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.3–4.26; P ≤ .001) were significant predictors for nondipping status and diastolic dysfunction (OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.1–2.2; and OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.2–2.2, respectively; P < .05). Conclusion Women with a history of preeclampsia were at higher risk for developing late cardiovascular events. The severity and recurrence of preeclampsia were significant predictors of both nondipping profile and diastolic dysfunction.
Recently, the integration between healthcare services and new technologies has been enhanced to be very necessary and effective inside digital Hospitals.Digital hospitals include a huge number of healthcare advanced technologies that have special digital and architectural requirement; these requirements cannot be provided in traditional hospitals.Many previous studies and guidelines addressed few numbers of digital hospital's rooms and their architectural requirements.Hence, in this study, healthcare advanced technologies has been determined for outlining the architectural consideration of digital hospital's rooms.Accordingly, Robotic Surgery Ward (RSW) has been compared with Traditional Surgery Ward (TSW) for: a) demonstrating the effect of an advanced technology (Robotic technology) on a digital hospital ward and b) helping designers to find out the main architectural and economic principles of designing RSWs besides TSWs.The main findings in this study are: a) outlining the main architectural characteristics of digital hospitals in general and digital hospital's rooms in specific, b) articulating the main architectural and economic aspects for RSW and robotic surgery rooms, which is different from TSW.As an application of the comparative analyses, possible design alternatives of RSW and TSW has been also proposed and compared.
Recently, the automation of architectural design process has been focused specifically in Healthcare buildings (HCB) for easier implementation and faster feedback.Hence, a great evolution of Computational Implementations (CIs) were appeared and studied for early stages of design process of HCB, such as generating design solutions, evaluation of design solutions or others to provide helpful tools for designers.This paper provides comparative analyses of a set of CIs that can be applied on different architectural design stages in HCB, these stages includes: a) architectural programming and topological diagram, b) generating design alternatives and c) evaluation of design solutions.The focused CIs in this study have been classified to computational tools, computational algorithms, computational approaches and hybrid methods; they are compared using a set of criteria with various evaluation methods.This comparative analysis helps designers to determine the appropriate CI or CIs' combinations for each main early stage of HCB design, and also the possibilities of connecting two of the studied CIs in a framework to get wider outcomes were studied.The main study findings are the capabilities, limitation and features of each CI, in addition to the best selections in each early stage for different HCB design cases.Also, possible connections between different CIs were discussed on simple examples as a fruitful outcome of analyzing CIs' combinations.
Residential satisfaction (RS) is an important characteristic of sustainable built environment and residential apartments. Yet, evaluating RS is complicated due to its interconnection with many influential criteria, and hence it is hard to formulate a single generic scale since it differs widely depending on location along with other variables. This paper presents a developed scale to measure RS in different residential apartments in Egypt; the novelty of the study is articulating a numerical scale with measurable criteria regarding different apartment cases within three scopes: apartment, building, and neighborhood RS. Criteria that influence RS were first compiled through different sources and within structured limitations. Through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the outcomes of architectural evaluators were utilized to create the scale with different relative significance weights for the complied criteria (the proposed scale). For validation, the RS of sixty-six residents from different residential groups was surveyed; the results were compared to validate the scale. The comparison displayed a good correlation, thus implying the validity of the proposed RS scale; analysis of residents' responses shed light on other characteristics affecting RS, which have been analyzed and discussed through the paper.
Abstract Spatial cognition is a pivotal consideration in hospital buildings. Potential circulation configuration alternatives in hospitals have been filtered to 59 significant alternatives, to be simulated using space syntax analyses for measuring connectivity, visual integration, and visual step depth. Best alternatives have been determined via comparison and correlation analysis. A survey has been conducted, comparing the preferences of professional architects with simulation outcomes. Results show that best and worst alternatives exist in triangular and circular buildings, respectively. Also, cul-de-sac corridors are argued to promote spatial cognition better than looped corridors. Notably, cognition is inversely proportional to the curvature of the circulation spaces, number of nodes, and the number of branches. The survey showed a weak perception of the best alternatives, while respondents have a better perception of highly visible locations in these alternatives.