The aim of this study was to use optical coherence tomography (OCT) to predict newly implanted stent expansion for treatment of in-stent restenosis (ISR).With OCT guidance, 143 ISR lesions were treated with a new stent. Stent underexpansion was defined as minimum stent area (MSA) <4.5 mm2 and MSA/average of reference lumen area <70%. New stent underexpansion was found in 33 lesions (23%). These had a smaller old stent MSA (4.13 [3.32-4.62] versus 5.18 [4.01-6.38] mm2, p=0.001), and had a higher prevalence of multiple old stent layers (51.5% versus 10.9%, p<0.001) and neointimal or peri-stent calcium (69.7% versus 37.3%, p=0.001) compared to those without new stent underexpansion. Old stent underexpansion, multiple layers of old stent, maximum calcium angle >180°, and maximum calcium thickness >0.5 mm were independently associated with new stent underexpansion. Patients with new stent underexpansion had a higher prevalence of major adverse cardiac events (35.5% vs 14.3%, p=0.009), mainly driven by a higher rate of myocardial infarction and target vessel revascularisation at two years.When re-stenting an ISR lesion, old stent underexpansion, the amount of neointimal or peri-stent calcium, and multiple old stent strut layers are important determinants of new stent underexpansion which is then associated with adverse long-term outcomes.
Objective: To compare the 6-month follow-up results of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) guided by optical coherence tomography (OCT) or coronary angiography (CAG) alone in a larger ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) cohort. Methods: We enrolled 275 STEMI patients undergoing OCT-guided PPCI from March 2017 through December 2018. Two hundred and seventy-five propensity score matched STEMI patients undergoing CAG-guided PPCI served as control group. The 6-month clinical follow-up results were compared between the two groups. The demographic data, complications, coronary angiography and OCT characteristics were evaluated. Results: OCT evaluation showed that there were 151 patients (54.9%) with plaque prolapse and 113 patients (41.1%) with stent malposition. Proximal and/or distal dissection of stents occurred in 38 patients (13.8%), of which 3 patients (1.1%) had both proximal and distal dissection. Of the 38 patients, 2 patients received rescue stent implantation. Results of clinical follow-up at 6 months showed that there was no significant difference in cardiovascular death, repeat myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization, stroke and hemorrhage endpoint events between OCT-guided PPCI patients and CAG-guided PPCI patients (P=0.682). Conclusion: Clinical events at 6 months are similar between OCT-guided PPCI and CAG-guided PPCI for STEMI patients.目的： 比较光学相干断层成像（OCT）指导和单纯冠状动脉造影（CAG）指导直接冠状动脉介入治疗（PPCI）6个月的随访结果。 方法： 前瞻性研究。连续入选2017年3月至2018年12月阜外医院因ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）行OCT指导的PPCI患者275例（OCT指导组）。收集全部入选患者的人口学资料、合并疾病、冠状动脉造影和OCT特征资料。采用倾向性评分从单纯CAG指导的PPCI患者数据库中1∶1回顾性顺序匹配275例患者（CAG指导组），对比两种策略对6个月临床随访结果的影响。 结果： OCT指导组中，OCT评估发现斑块脱垂151例（54.9%），支架贴壁不良113例（41.1%），支架近和/或远端夹层38例（13.8%），其中3例（1.1%）同时发生支架近端和远端夹层，38例远端夹层患者中，需行补救性置入支架2例。随访6个月结果显示，OCT指导组与CAG指导组比较，心血管死亡、再次心肌梗死、靶血管再次血运重建、卒中和出血终点事件差异均无统计学意义（P=0.682）。 结论： 与单纯CAG指导相比，OCT指导的PPCI并不能降低6个月的临床终点事件。.
Abstract Objectives We sought to determine the 1‐year outcomes of patients receiving successful chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedures comparing subintimal versus intraplaque wire tracking patterns. Background CTO PCI utilizes both intraluminal and subintimal wire tracking to achieve successful percutaneous revascularization. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) can be used to precisely determine the path of wire tracking. Methods From 2014 to 2016, data from patients undergoing CTO PCI were collected in a single‐center database. The primary composite endpoint was target vessel failure (TVF) defined as cardiovascular death, target vessel myocardial infarction (MI), or target vessel revascularization (TVR). Results In total 157 patients with successful CTO PCI and concomitant IVUS imaging completed 1‐year follow‐up. Subintimal tracking was detected in 53.5% of cases and those patients had a higher incidence of prior PCI, prior coronary artery bypass grafting, and higher J‐CTO score. At 1‐year, the unadjusted rate of TVF in the subintimal tracking group was higher than the intraplaque group (17.9 vs. 6.9%, HR 2.74, 95% CI 1.00–7.54, P = 0.04), driven by numerically higher rates of TVR and peri‐procedural MI. After multivariable adjustment, no significant differences in the rates of the TVF between subintimal vs. intraplaque groups were present at 1‐year (TVF: HR 1.51, 95% CI 0.38–6.00, P = 0.55). Landmark analysis excluding in‐hospital events showed no significant differences in TVF to 1‐year. Conclusions IVUS‐detected subintimal tracking was observed in over half of successful CTO PCI cases and correlated with baseline and angiographic factors that contributed to the overall rate of TVF at 1‐year.
Objective: To evaluate the prognostic value of Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events(GRACE) discharge score for long-term out-of-hospital death in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) after drug-eluting stents (DES) and with Dual-antiplatelet Therapy (DAPT). Methods: Our study was a prospective, observational, single center (Fuwai Hospital of China) study.A total of 6 431consecutive ACS patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)between January 2013 and December 2013 were involved.The primary endpoint was all-cause death and second endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) as a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, revascularization, stent thrombosis or stroke. Results: Finally, 5 867 ACS patients who were received DES with DAPT and had no in-hospital event included in this study, and 59 (1.01%) death and 608 (10.36%) MACCE were reported during 2-year follow-up after discharge.GRACE score was significantly higher among death patients than those survivalpatients (94± 28 vs 78± 24, P<0.001). According to risk stratification of GRACE discharge score, as compared to the low-risk group, death risk in high-risk group was 6.73 times (HR=6.73, 95%CI 3.53-12.84; P<0.001) higher, but could not distinguish between the moderate and low risk group (HR=1.61, 95%CI 0.88-2.95; P=0.124). The GRACE score showed predictive value in ACS patients after DESand with DAPT (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC)=0.661; 95%CI 0.586-0.736, P<0.001). In subgroup analysis, GRACE score also showed predictive value both in unstable angina pectoris (UAP)(AUROC=0.660, 95%CI 0.576-0.744; P<0.001) and acute myocardial infarction(AMI)subgroup (AUROC=0.748, 95%CI 0.631-0.864; P=0.001). Conclusion: GRACE discharge score shows prognostic value for long-term out-of-hospital death in ACS patients undergoing PCI with DES and DAPT, and demonstrates good risk stratification of high and low-risk of death.目的： 评估全球急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)事件注册(GRACE)出院评分对ACS介入术后患者院外远期死亡事件的预测价值。 方法： 本研究为单中心、前瞻性、观察性研究，连续纳入自2013年1至12月于中国医学科学院阜外医院行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的ACS患者6 431例。死亡定义为全因死亡，主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCE)定义为全因死亡、心肌梗死、缺血驱动的血运重建、支架内血栓或脑卒中的复合事件。 结果： 共纳入5 867例符合入选标准，成功置入药物洗脱支架，并使用双联抗血小板治疗且无院内事件的ACS患者进行分析。2年随访中，死亡59例(1.01%)，MACCE事件608例(10.36%)。GRACE出院评分在死亡组[(94±28)分]明显高于存活组[(78±24)分，P<0.001]。GRACE出院评分能够较好地区分出高危组和低危组，高危组死亡风险是低危组的6.73倍[风险比(HR)＝6.73，95%CI 3.53～12.84; P<0.001]，但对中危组和低危组不能很好区分(HR＝1.61, 95%CI 0.88～2.95; P＝0.124)。GRACE出院评分对ACS介入术后并使用DAPT治疗的患者院外远期死亡具有预测价值[受试者工作曲线下面积(AUROC)＝0.661; 95%CI 0.586～0.736; P<0.001]。进一步亚组分析显示，GRACE出院评分不论在不稳定心绞痛(UAP)亚组(AUROC＝0.660，95%CI 0.576～0.744; P<0.001)还是急性心肌梗死(AMI)亚组(AUROC＝0.748，95%CI 0.631～0.864; P＝0.001)，均显示对死亡的预测价值。 结论： GRACE出院评分对ACS已行介入治疗患者并使用DAPT治疗的院外长期死亡仍具有预测价值，并能够较好地区分出死亡的高危组和低危组患者。.
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