We report the observation of nanoscale striped periodic pattern with similar distinctive characteristics independent of loading conditions on the fracture surface of various bulk metallic glasses. We demonstrate that the periodic stripes are formed by the orderly assembly of nanoscale regular dimples. The similarities between our observed striped pattern and various unequilibrium systems such as oscillating granular and colloidal suspensions systems are found. By drawing an analogy between glassy and granular materials, we propose a model that can capture and simulate the characteristics of the observed corrugations. Our results would provide insight into the origin of fracture surface roughening in brittle materials.
Through the braidability of cotton fiber and the richness of surface functional groups, cotton fiber can be woven into any shape, and catalytically active centers can be stably anchored on the fibers. During the electrocatalytic overall water splitting (OWS) process, catalyst shedding and activity reduction can be effectively avoided.
A cylindrical model of linear MHD instabilities in tokamaks is presented. In the model, the cylindrical plasma is surrounded by a vacuum which is divided into inner and outer vacuum areas by a conducting wall. Linearized resistivity MHD equations with plasma viscosity are adopted to describe our model, and the equations are solved numerically as an initial value problem. Some of the results are used as benchmark tests for the code, and then a series of equilibrium current profiles are used to simulate the bootstrap current profiles in actual experiments with a bump on tail. Thus the effects of these kinds of profiles on MHD instabilities in tokamaks are revealed. From the analysis of the numerical results, it is found that more plasma can be confined when the center of the current bump is closer to the plasma surface, and a higher and narrower current bump has a better stabilizing effect on the MHD instabilities.
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