It remains controversial whether rodents with a craniotomy-only are required, or even appropriate to serve as a sham group to control for the effect of surgery after experimental TBI. Published data show significant molecular and behavioral changes that occur due to craniotomy compared to naive controls, indicating that craniotomy alone likely constitutes a brain insult. We hypothesized that these confounding effects of craniotomy are also accompanied with alterations in neural circuit dysfunction. We tested this by acquiring resting state functional-MRI data from male, 23 day-old Sprague Dawley rat pups at day 4 post-craniotomy (3mm diameter, -3mm, +4mm left-lateral; intact dura) as well as from age-matched, naive controls with no craniotomy but with time-matched exposure to isoflurane anesthesia (n= 5/group). Imaging data were acquired on a 7 T Bruker spectrometer using a single-shot, gradient-echo sequence, echo/repetition time: 20/1000ms, 300 repetitions, 128 x 128 matrix, 30 x 30mm field-of-view and 1mm slice-thickness). After typical preprocessing of the time-series data, voxel-wise functional connectivity analysis was then performed by calculating Pearson correlation coefficients between all brain voxels. The Root Mean Square of the correlation values for each voxel were calculated as an index of global functional connectivity (fc), clusterized for the presence of 30 voxels ore more. Large scale, significant (p< 0.01) differences in fc were found between
the two groups following group ANOVA. Center of mass for the peaks of the clusters that survived statistical correction for multi voxel comparison were located predominantly in regions previously assigned to the rodent
default mode network: bilaterally in auditory, temporal association, and primary visual cortex, and in right retrosplenial cortex and hippocampus. These network alterations provide additional evidence to support the idea that craniotomy-alone constitutes a brain injury, and that it might not always serve as an appropriate control.
Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text J. Michel, R. E. Camacho-Aguilera, Y. Cai, N. Patel, J. T. Bessette, M. Romagnoli, B. (R. ) Dutt, and L. C. Kimerling, "An Electrically Pumped Ge-on-Si Laser," in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, OSA Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2012), paper PDP5A.6. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is widely used in scenarios such as autonomous driving, imaging, remote sensing surveying, and space communication due to its advantages of high ranging accuracy and large scanning angle. Optical phased array (OPA) has been studied as an important solution for achieving all-solid-state scanning. In this work, the recent research progress in improving the beam steering performance of the OPA based on silicon photonic integrated chips was reviewed. An optimization scheme for aperiodic OPA is proposed.
To investigate the mechanisms, diagnosis, and surgical procedures of simultaneous lesions of the rotator cuff and the brachial plexus.Between July 2006 and June 2012, 7 patients with rotator cuff tear associated with brachial plexus injury were treated. There were 3 males and 4 females with a mean age of 47.3 years (range, 37-72 years). The reasons of injury were traumatic shoulder dislocation in 6 cases and falling injury from height in 1 case, with a mean disease duration of 17 days (range, 5-31 days). The average American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score was 55.86 ± 9.42, and visual analogue scale (VAS) score was 7.14 ± 1.35. There were 3 cases of large rotator cuff tears (> 3 cm) and 4 cases of massive rotator cuff tears (> 5 cm) according to Gerber standard; 1 case had upper trunk injury of the brachial plexus and 6 cases had bundle branch injury of the brachial plexus according to GU Yudong's classification. The functional score of brachial plexus score was 7.43 ± 1.27 according to the functional assessment standard by Hand Surgery Branch of Chinese Medical Association. All patients accepted arthroscopic rotator cuff repairing, and 1 case received surgical neurolysis of brachial plexus.All incisions healed by first intention without complication. All the 7 patients were followed up 18 to 25 months (mean, 20.4 months). The function, muscle strength, and sensation of the shoulder were improved obviously. The shoulder ASES score was 84.71 ± 8.06 and was significantly better than preoperative score (t = -8.194, P = 0.000). The VAS score was 2.71 ± 1.50 and was significantly better than preoperative score (t=7.750, P=0.000). The functional score of brachial plexus was 14.00 ±1.16 and was significantly better than preoperative score (t = -11.500, P = 0.000).It is difficult to simultaneously diagnose lesions of the rotator cuff and the brachial plexus; orthopedists should pay attention to possible patients to avoid missed diagnosis and diagnostic errors. Nerve nutrition, physical therapy, and arthroscopic rotator cuff repair can achieve good effectiveness.
Background
In recent years, the incidence of rotator cuff injury has been increasing in population. Rotator cuff injury is not only the damage of tendon, but also often associated with different levels of nerve damage.Among them, the suprascapular nerve injury is the most commonone . The suprascapular nerve runs on the fascia between supraspinatus and infraspinatus.The severe retraction and fat infiltration of supraspinatus and infraspinatuscaused by massive rotator cuff tear will pull the suprascapular nerve and result in its dysfunction.The symptomsaremanifested as the posterolateral pain of shoulder joint which radiates toward the back of neck andarm and the disability of shoulder abduction and external rotation. Clinically, the disease can be easily missed.The incidence of massive rotator cuff injury accounts for approximately 10% to 40% of all rotator cuff injuries. According to the size of tear, Cofield divided rotator cuff injury intofour types:small tear ( 5 cm) . However, 30% of rotator cuff injuries are considered to be irreparable due to massive tear, atrophy of rotator cuff and fat infiltration, and the retear of 80% of patientis massive rotator cuff tear.The cause of suprascapular nerve damage after massive rotator cuff injury is unclear, which may be related to the retraction of rotator cuff and in turn the traction of suprascapular nerve around spinoglenoid notch.Some studies pointed out that the suprascapular nerve function can be restored with simple rotator cuff repair. For massive rotator cuff injury, there are traditional double-row repair and suture bridge technology.Transposition of latissimus dorsi muscle, transposition of deltoid muscle, patch repair, reverse shoulder arthroplasty,etc.have good efficacy in the treatment of massive rotator cuff injury with severe retraction and fat infiltration. However, there is a lack of study on the recovery of nerve damage.Objective To investigate the effects of traditional double-row repair and fascia lata transposition on the functional recovery of the patient with massive rotator cuff tear with suprascapular nerve injury.
Methods
From January 2013 to January 2018, a total of 20 patients with massive rotator cuff tear received arthroscopic rotator cuff repair surgery in our hospital, and the data were retrospectively analyzed. There were 10 cases in traditional double-row repair group (group A) and 10 cases in fascia lata transposition group (group B) . All patients were diagnosed as massive rotator cuff injury with suprascapular nerve injury under MRI and electromyogram.The postoperative follow ups were conducted in the 1st and 6th months. Visual analogue scale (VAS) , University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) scoring system and Constant-Murley scoring system were applied for comparison between the two groups before and 6 months after operation.The conditions of rotator cuff healing and nerve recovery were assessed by MRI and electromyogram 6 months after operation.
Results
Twenty patients were followed up for 6 months after surgery, and the average follow up time ranged from 6 to 18 months. Six months after operation: the VAS score of group A decreased from preoperative (7.4±0.8) points to postoperative (2.3±1.7) points with statistical difference (P<0.01) ; the UCLA score of group A increased from preoperative (11.5±1.4) points to postoperative (28.3±5.8) points with statistical difference (P<0.01) ; the Constant-Murley score of group A increased from preoperative (45.6±6.2) points to postoperative (79.0±11.7) points with statistical difference (P<0.01) ; the VAS score of group B decreased from preoperative (7.9±0.6) points to postoperative (2.7±1.8) points with statistical difference (P<0.01) ; the UCLA score of group B increased from preoperative (10.1±1.4) points to postoperative (26.9±6.9) points with statistical difference (P<0.01) ; the Constant-Murley score of group B increased from preoperative (39.0±3.4) points to postoperative (72.9±9.4) points with statistical difference (P<0.01) .Electromyogram was reviewed 6 months after operation.While there was no suprascapular nerve injury in the group A,there were 5 cases of suprascapular nerveinjury in the group B (P<0.01) .
Conclusion
Both the arthroscopic traditional double-row repair and the fascia lata transposition can improve shoulder function. For the patient with suprascapular nerve injury, it is believed that the traditional double-row repair can better restore suprascapular nerve function than the fascia lata transposition does.However, the risk of retearmay be high.
Key words:
Massive rotator cuff tear; Arthroscopy; Suprascapular nerve; Rotator cuff repair; Patch graft
Objective To observed the change of serum inflammatory-associated cytokines concentrations in the patients with wet age-related macular degeneration.Methods Retrospective analysis was made to the serum inflammatory cytokines of the 55 patients with wet AMD.The serum of 33 patients with senile cataract was selected as the control group.Serous concentrations of TGF-β1,IL-6,and MCP-1 were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results The levels of TGF-β 1,IL-6 in wet AMD group were significantly higher than that in control group (Z =-3.228,P =0.001; Z =-2.034,P =0.042).The level of MCP-1 was not significantly different between the two groups (Z =-1.832,P =0.067).Conclusions The serum inflammatory-associated cytokines TGF-β1,IL-6 may be the biomarker to monitor the progression of wet AMD.
Key words:
Wet age-related macular degeneration; Serum; TGF-β1; IL-6
Tensile strained Ge films with P concentrations as high as 3.4 × 10 19 cm -3 are grown using UHVCVD. Photoluminescence measurements reveal significant direct band gap narrowing, enhanced photoemission, and optical bleaching.
This work presents a fully integrated PSN analyzer with significantly improved measurement speed and noise performance. Compressed sensing is exploited due to the sparse nature of PSN signals. A VCO-based muiti-level phase quantizer is proposed, offering improved noise performance. A polyphase clock generator is also implemented on chip, enabling the whole system to work with only one external clock reference. Under a BW of 20GHz, the proposed PSN analyzer is 200x faster with 5x higher frequency resolution and a 42x lower noise floor as compared to the previous work.
The 3D photonic integrated structure can increase the integration density of the device on a limited chip area, so that the chip has a higher optical interconnection capability. A polarization beam splitter (PBS) is one of the key components for manipulating different polarization states in the areas of optical interconnection and communication. In this paper, a novel interlayer PBS based on an asymmetrical directional coupler (DC) was proposed, which consists of a silicon rib waveguide (WG) and a silicon nitride (Si3N4) strip WG with a gap of 850 nm. By carefully adjusting the geometric parameters of the DC, the phase matching condition between these two WGs can be satisfied for the TM polarization, while the coupling efficiency of the TE polarization is frustrated due to the large phase mismatch. By adding a filter to the thru port the performance of the proposed PBS is improved. The device with a 220 nm Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) WG and a 700 nm × 400 nm Si3N4 WG operates in a broadband width of 100 nm, with an extinction ratio (ER) <20 dB. The insertion losses (ILs) are <0.22 dB for both TE and TM polarizations at a wavelength of 1550 nm. At the same time, our design parameters conform to the Multi Project Wafer (MPW) process conditions, and the device is highly implementable. The device is potential to use for the on-chip 3D optical interconnect in the future.
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