A coaxial dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor is designed for degradation of aqueous organic pollutant by spraying solution into gaseous discharge plasma. With the intention of finding the most efficient way of energy injection, energy efficiency is studied under experimental conditions with various electrical parameters (applied voltage amplitude, frequency, pulsewidth, pulse shape, and total injection energy) using Rhodamine B as a model. The results show the highest energy performance is achieved at moderate voltage and low frequency with the energy yield G 50 of 41.16 g/kW · h. It is found that at the same energy injection, pulses with a higher amplitude and a lower frequency perform better than those with lower voltage and higher frequency. Pulsewidth does not play an important role in energy efficiency in our DBD reactor. Voltage waveform with a fast falling edge is beneficial to energy efficiency performance.
Higher alcohol (C2+) synthesis (HAS) from direct CO2 hydrogenation is a promising way to realize the fixation of CO2 to high-value chemicals; however, the identification of active catalysts to give satisfactory activity and selectivity is not yet achieved, let alone the elucidation of mechanism. Here, we report a working catalyst containing Cu-Fe-Zn that can efficiently and selectively synthesize C2+ alcohols from CO2 hydrogenation. The optimized catalyst-encoded Cs-C0.8F1.0Z1.0 exhibits a high C2+OH/ROH fraction (weight percent of C2+ alcohols in total C1 and C2+ alcohols) of 93.8% with a high C2+OH space time yield (STY) of 73.4 mg gcat–1 h–1 (1.47 mmol gcat–1 h–1). A mechanism study reveals that HAS experiences a tandem pathway of combining surface CO* formation on Cu-ZnO dual sites with surface hydrocarbon moieties on Cu-Fe7C3 dual sites at their material interfaces. A good balance of dissociative and nondissociative C–O bond activation in synergy results in the high HAS activity of Cs-C0.8F1.0Z1.0.
Traditionally used phenylethylamine iodide (PEAI) and its derivatives, such as ortho‐fluorine o‐F‐PEAI, in interfacial modification, are beneficial for perovskite solar cell (PSC) efficiency but vulnerable to heat stability above 85 °C due to ion migration. To address this issue, we propose a composite interface modification layer incorporating the discotic liquid crystal 2,3,6,7,10,11‐hexa(pentoxy)triphenylene (HAT5) into o‐F‐PEAI. The triphenyl core in HAT5 promotes π‐π stacking self‐assembly and enhances its interaction with o‐F‐PEAI, forming an oriented columnar phase that improves hole extraction along the one‐dimensional direction. HAT5 repairs structural defects in the interfacial layer and retains the layered structure to inhibit ion migration after annealing. Ultimately, our approach increases the efficiency of solar cells from 23.36% to 25.02%. The thermal stability of the devices retains 80.1% of their initial efficiency after aging at 85 °C for 1008 hours without encapsulation. Moreover, the optimized PSCs maintained their initial efficiency of 82.4% after aging under one sunlight exposure for 1008 hours. This study provides a novel strategy using composite materials for interface modification to enhance the thermal and light stability of semiconductor devices.
The 13th UNWTO/PATA Forum on Tourism Trends and Outlook was held in Guilin, China, from 17 to 19 October 2019. The Forum was jointly organized by the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) and the Paci...
A fluoro-substituted cyanine showing reliable in vivo labelling of Aβ oligomers and potent neuroprotective effect against Aβ-induced toxicities is reported as a novel theranostic agent for the early diagnosis and therapy of Alzheimer's disease.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
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