Previous genome-wide association studies have evaluated the impact of common genetic variants and identified several non-HLA risk loci associated with autoimmune liver diseases. More recent genome-wide association studies and replication analyses reported an association between variants of the CARD10 polymorphism rs6000782 and risk of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). In this case-control study, we genotyped 326 Japanese AIH patients and 214 control subjects.Genomic DNA from 540 individuals of Japanese origin, including 326 patients with type-1 AIH and 214 healthy controls, was analyzed for two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CARD10 gene. We selected CARD10 rs6000782 SNPs and genotyped these using PCR-RFLP method and direct sequencing. The Chi square test revealed that the rs6000782 variant alle (c) was not associated with the susceptibility for AIH in a Japanese population [p = 0.376, odds ratio (OR) 1.271, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.747-2.161] in an allele model. Our data also showed that CARD10 rs6000782 variants were not associated with AIH or with the clinical parameters of AIH.In this study we examined an association between rs6000782 SNPs in the CARD10 gene and type-1 AIH. Results showed no significant association of rs62000782 with type-1 AIH in a Japanese population. This study demonstrated no association between CARD10 rs6000782 variants and AIH in a Japanese population.
Background: Assessment of the response of esophageal cancer to chemoradiotherapy is difficult. We investigated the value of a transendoscopic miniature ultrasonic probe (USP) in assessing response to chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer. Methods: A total of 33 patients were entered in this prospective study. Response to treatment was evaluated according to World Health Organization criteria. According to the sonographic image, complete response (CR) of the primary lesion was divided into two subcategories: confirmed CR (cCR) and unconfirmed CR (uCR). Results: Initial sonographic criteria for evaluating tumor depth and lymph nodes in the 33 patients before therapy showed two cases of T2N0, four of T3N0, 15 of T3N1, four of T4N0, and eight of T4N1. Following chemoradiotherapy, CR was obtained in 18 (54.5%): seven cCR and 11 uCR. Eleven were partial response (PR) (33.3%), while three were stable disease (SD) and one was progressive disease (PD). High frequency USP (20 MHz) was able to detect tumor disappearance and restoration of the esophageal wall. One‐year survival rates among CR (cCR + uCR), PR and SD + PD were 100%, 70% and 0%, respectively. A significant difference in survival was evident among CR, PR and SD + PD ( P < 0.001). Three‐year survival rates between cCR and uCR were 100% and 40%, respectively. A significant difference in survival was evident between cCR and uCR ( P < 0.001). In seven cases of uCR, local recurrence and distant metastasis appeared within 1 year, and five died of disease progression. Not one cCR case has relapsed. Conclusion: USP, which can be accomplished with a standard endoscopy, including biopsy, in one procedure, is a useful method for objectively assessing the response to chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer.
We conducted a retrospective 11-year survey to evaluate the post-treatment course in 285 patients with esophagogastric varices following administration of endoscopic injection sclerotherapy as an emergency, elective, or prophylactic procedure using freshly prepared 2% sodium tetradecyl sulfate not containing benzyl alcohol. These agents were injected into the varices and the supplying veins under fluoroscopic observation, usually in a single treatment. In all patients the variceal size was greatly reduced following one treatment. The amount of sclerosant necessary to fill the varices and the supplying veins varied widely among the patients. Acute variceal bleeding was controlled in 80 (96.4%) of the 83 patients, and the risk of rebleeding during the first month was 0.0548 in the emergency procedures. The serious complication of perforation was observed in one patient. The cause of death was established in the 122 patients who died and included esophageal variceal bleeding in eight (6.6%) and gastric variceal bleeding in one (0.8%). The overall 50% survival period was 5 years and 4 months. Multivariate analysis disclosed that the factors with the greatest negative effect on survival were poor hepatic status and the presence of hepatocellular carcinoma. The method of preparation and the procedure itself may be considered safe and effective in the treatment of esophagogastric varices.
We have observed the ultrastructure of a canine leukocyte infected with Hepatozoon canis by transmission electron microscope. The infected leukocytes contained many small vesicles and a few typical granules in the cytoplasm. They also contained a few rough surfaced endoplasmic reticula, mitochondria and a segmented nucleus with condensed chromatin. Cytochemical analysis indicated that the infected leukocytes with H. canis contained little alkaline phosphatase, peroxidase, naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase or alpha naphthol acetate esterase. These results suggested that the infected leukocytes were neutrophils or monocytes which lost their typical characteristics.
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