Multimodal interface is a human-centered interface. It is the point which is going to communicate with a computer by the system similar to communicating with man. It has the advantage which can choose suitable input-output method in the environment with restrictions in a specific interface. Also it can obtain a high reliability through the fusion of two or more input-output device. However, although there are many input-output modalities, the application using this is very little. Maybe, one of the reasons is the lack of a framework to support development of multimodal applications. This paper presents a design of multimodal interface framework (MMIF). The proposed multimodal interface framework enable rapid development of applications using a variety of modalities.
This paper explores the relationship between women’s networking through the Internet and women’s empowerment. One way that the Internet can contribute to the empowerment of women is as a tool for women’s networking. The Internet networking opens up a new way of interactive communication between women’s groups for women’s rights and advocacy. The concept of empowerment is defined as value empowerment, internal strength, and self-determination from a feminist perspective. The Beijing Experience and the Cybermentoring Program are exemplified as successful models in exploring the relationship between women’s networking through the Internet and women’s empowerment. Also the Internet can contributes to the political empowerment of women as a tool for women’s networking and political advocacy. Women need to increase women’s access to the Internet and to strengthen women’s participation in the political process. Women can use the Internet as a tool for women’s empowerment and gender equality.
본 연구의 목적은 청소년의 감사성향과 행복과의 관계에서 낙관성이 매개역할을 하는지 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 경기도에 거주하는 남녀 중·고등학생 290명을 대상으로 감사성향척도, 낙관성척도, 옥스퍼드 행복척도를 실시하였다. 그리고 낙관성의 매개효과를 알아보기 위해 Baron과 Kenny(1986)의 절차를 Kenny등(1998)이 개정한 4단계 접근법을 사용하여 분석하였다. 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 청소년의 감사성향 수준이 높을수록 낙관성이 높아지고 행복감이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 감사성향과 행복과의 관계에서 낙관성이 부분 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 청소년들의 경우 감사성향의 수준이 높을수록 행복감을 더 높게 지각하고, 감사성향과 행복과의 관계에서 낙관성이 매개변인으로 기능하고 있음을 시사하였다. 본 연구는 청소년의 감사성향과 행복 그리고 낙관성의 관계를 밝혔다는데 의의가 있다. 이러한 연구결과는 감사성향이 높은 청소년들이 행복을 보다 많이 경험하는 이유가 감사성향이 높은 청소년일수록 보다 낙관적이기 때문이며, 따라서 청소년들을 상담할 때 감사성향뿐만 아니라 낙관성의 수준을 향상시켜줄 필요가 있음을 시사한다. 또한 청소년들을 대상으로 진취적인 생각과 태도를 이루는 방법과 행복을 증진시키는 방안에 대한 집단상담교육의 필요성을 시사해주고 있다. 마지막으로 이러한 연구결과에 대한 논의와 추후연구의 방향을 제시하였다.
Objective: The aim of this study is to develop a text-based notation method for recording 3D free hand gesture vocabularies and to verify the notation method via a case study. Background: Lately, various research has involved users in the process of defining the gestures to enhance the naturalness of the gesture vocabularies. To record the user-defined gestures for the post analysis, the video recording has been mainly utilized in the various studies. However, to compare the various gestures, a researcher should observe the video repeatedly which requires time and effort cost. Method: We devised a text-based notation method based on 3D free hand gesture taxonomy developed in our previous study. To verify the text-based notation method, we conducted experiments: acquisition of hand gestures by users, notating the user-defined gestures by users and decoding the notated gestures by a new group of users. Results: Except for the arm posture of several gestures, users can notate the gestures and decode the gestures correctly. Conclusion: This study will contribute to the establishment of a systematic approach for organizing hand gesture vocabularies. Application: The text-based notation method would help a researcher to fine what he/she wants to identify at a glance without any extra system, such as a computer.
COVID-19 has changed the paradigm of everyday life to online and has brought about many changes in university education. This study aims to identify changes in student perception of online classes using big data analysis. For this purpose, data from March 2020 to June 2021 were collected from the ‘Everytime’ community site, using Python programming language. Then text mining, namely, Keyword frequency analysis, network analysis, and sentiment analysis were conducted. The implications derived from the findings suggested some ideas worth considering in improving online classes at university.
이 연구는 광주항쟁을 둘러싼 ‘기억의 정치’의 역동적 전개 과정을 언론사들의 사설에 나타난 5·18에 대한 ‘인식’과 ‘처방’의 관점에서 살펴본다. 구체적으로, 정치적 성향을 달리하는 4개의 대표적 중앙 언론지 - 경향신문, 동아일보, 조선일보, 한겨레 - 의 사설 분석을 통해 언론사의 이념 성향 및 정치·사회적 변동이라는 맥락에서 5·18 담론의 변화양상을 통시적으로 분석한다. 분석 결과에 의하면, 비록 네 언론사의 사설에 나타난 5·18 담론의 통시적 변화양상은 대체로 비슷한 흐름을 보였으나, 진보성향 언론사와 보수성향 언론사 간에 5·18 관련 사설의 양뿐만 아니라, 인식과 처방의 내용적 구체성과 명확성에 있어서 상당한 차이가 존재했다. 이는 언론이 사회저변으로부터 형성된 대중적 여론 및 사회적 의제를 사설에 수용·반영하는 기능을 수행하며, 동시에 담론 형성의 주체로서 자신의 정치적 성향에 바탕하여 5·18에 대한 나름의 의견을 개진해 왔음을 보여준다. 이러한 점들은 언론사들이 향후 5·18 담론경쟁에 적지 않은 영향력을 발휘할 수 있음을 시사한다.
Panning tasks caused by both a small screen and the lower resolution of handheld devices are known to decrease the usability of a mobile internet service. To solve this problem, we proposed FTND, an improved version of Tap-N-Drag widely used in various mobile web browsers. 30 participants performed the panning tasks with FTND embedded in combinations of 2 panning directions of Push Background user interface and Push Viewpoint user interface and 5 panning ratio s of 100% (a panning ratio of TapN-Drag), 300%, 500%, 700%, and 900%. The usability of FTND was assessed by an objective performance and a subjective preference. The objective performance was measured by a task completion time, the number of clicks, and the number of pixels. The subjective preference was measured by satisfaction, accuracy and ease of use. Push Viewpoint user interface at the panning ratios of 300%, 500%, and 700% proved to be the most efficient way for panning tasks with small handheld devices when performing the task by using the right hand thumb. 1) Keyword: fast tap-n-drag(FTND), panning ratio, panning direction, panning
Objective: The aim of this study is to suggest a notation method for three-dimensional hand gesture. Background: To match intuitive gestures with commands of products, various studies have tried to derive gestures from users. In this case, various gestures for a command are derived due to various users" experience. Thus, organizing the gestures systematically and identifying similar pattern of them have become one of important issues. Method: Related studies about gesture taxonomy and notating sign language were investigated. Results: Through the literature review, a total of five elements of static gesture were selected, and a total of three forms of dynamic gesture were identified. Also temporal variability(reputation) was additionally selected. Conclusion: A notation method which follows a combination sequence of the gesture elements was suggested. Application: A notation method for three dimensional hand gestures might be used to describe and organize the user-defined gesture systematically.
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