In this study, we analyzed high-fat diet (HFD)-induced time-course changes in proportions of T lymphocyte subsets in adipose tissue.Mice were fed with normal-fat diet (NFD) or HFD for 20 weeks. An autoanalyzer was used to assay plasma concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Stromal vascular cells were isolated from epididymal adipose tissues and labeled with antibodies for cluster of differentiation (CD) 3, CD4, CD8, interferon -g, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-17 for fluorescence-activated cell sorter. We discovered that weight of epididymal fat pads and perirenal fat in HFD group were higher than that in NFD group. Significant changes in glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, and HDL content were detected in sera of mice fed with HFD compared with those provided with NFD. Proportions of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells increased significantly in adipose tissues of HFD mice compared with those of NFD mice. Proportions of T helper (Th)1 and Th17 sublineages also increased significantly in HFD group. Long-time HFD-induced obesity can increase proportions of CD3+ T, CD4+ T, and CD8+ T cells in epididymal fat pads, disrupt balance of CD4+ T lymphocyte subsets, and induce progressive Th1 and Th17 biases.
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an alarmin that may link to obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The present study analyzed the correlation between HMGB1/ Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and certain biochemical parameters in obese (OB) diabetic patients. 40 normal glucose tolerant subjects (NGT) and 40 patients with newly diagnosed T2DM were enrolled. All patients were further divided into non-obese NGT (NGT-NOB), obese NGT (NGT-OB), non-obese T2DM (T2DM-NOB) and obese T2DM (T2DM-OB) groups according to body mass index (BMI).The levels of HMGB1 in serum were quantified using ELISA, whereas the mRNA expression levels of TLR4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were assessed using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The results suggested that the levels of HMGB1 and TLR4 were higher in NGT-OB and T2DM-NOB groups compared with those in NGT-NOB group. Similarly, the levels of these two markers were higher in T2DM-OB group compared with those in NGT-OB group. Correlation analysis indicated that the levels of HMGB1 and TLR4 were positively correlated with triglyceride (TG), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels and BMI, whereas a negative correlation between HMGB1 and high density lipoprotein (HDL) was noted. Linear regression analysis suggested that HMGB1 was associated with FPG and TG levels, whereas TLR4 was strongly associated with TG levels and BMI. The results demonstrated that the expression levels of HMGB1 and TLR4 in patients with T2DM or obesity were increased, which were associated with glycolipid metabolism disorders. Therefore, the HMGB1/TLR4 may serve a role in inflammatory process associated with obesity and T2DM.
Objective To evaluate effects of UA on imiquimod- induced psoriasis-like lesions in mice and its possible mechanisms. Methods Forty female BALB / c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: control,model,low-dose UA and high-dose UA group. Psoriasis-like lesions were induced by daily application of 5% imiquimod to both the back and ears of mice for 6 days. Mice in UA group were intragastrically given UA while being treated with 5% imiquimod. The changes in the back skin lesions were observed and scored,and the thickness of the ears was also measured. On the seventh day,skin biopsies were taken for HE staining and immunohistochemical staining of IL-33,ST2,CD4 and CD8. Results Compared with the control group,increased ear thickness,and erythema and scales on the back of the mice were observed in model group; Pathological changes of back skin lesion included epidermal thickening,elongation of rete ridges,and microabscess along with parakeratosis. However,UA treatment,particularly at high dose,attenuated imiquimod-induced changes in erythema,scales and the epidermal thickness. Moreover,the expression levels of IL-33,ST2,CD4 and CD8 were higher in lesions of model group in comparison with the control group. Furthermore,UA treatments reduced the expression levels of IL-33,ST2,CD4 and CD8 in imiquimod-treated skin. More dramatic reductions in IL-33,ST2,CD4 and CD8 expression were observed after treatments with high-dose UA. Conclusion UA could alleviate imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like lesions possibly through modulating T lymphocytes and IL-33.
To investigate the effect of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 in THP-1 cells and analyze the correlation between the secretion and NF-κB signaling pathway.The concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 in the supernatants of THP-1 induced by rhGH were measured with ELISA. The effects of LPS and an NF-κB inhibitor, BAY11-7082 on the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 were also observed. The activity of NF-κB was detected by luciferase reporter and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) in THP-1 cells induced by rhGH.rhGH alone promoted the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 in THP-1 cells while inhibited the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 in THP-1 stimulated by LPS. BAY11-7082 inhibited the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 in THP-1 stimulated by LPS and rhGH. The activity of NF-κB was significantly correlated with the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6.rhGH played a bidirectional role in the regulation on the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 via NF-κB signaling pathway in THP-1 cells.
Haze pollution has been a public health issue. The skin microbiota, as a component of the first line of defense, is disturbed by environmental pollutants, which may have an impact on human health. A total of 74 skin samples from healthy students were collected during haze and nonhaze days in spring and winter. Significant differences of skin fungal community composition between haze and nonhaze days were observed in female and male samples in spring and male samples in winter based on unweighted UniFrac distance analysis. Phylogenetic diversity whole-tree indices and observed features were significantly increased during haze days in male samples in winter compared to nonhaze days, but no significant difference was observed in other groups. Dothideomycetes, Capnodiales, Mycosphaerellaceae, etc. were significantly enriched during nonhaze days, whereas Trichocomaceae, Talaromyces, and Pezizaceae were significantly enriched during haze days. Thus, five Talaromyces strains were isolated, and an in vitro culture experiment revealed that the growth of representative Talaromyces strains was increased at high concentrations of particulate matter, confirming the sequencing results. Furthermore, during haze days, the fungal community assembly was better fitted to a niche-based assembly model than during nonhaze days. Talaromyces enriched during haze days deviated from the neutral assembly process. Our findings provided a comprehensive characterization of the skin fungal community during haze and nonhaze days and elucidated novel insights into how haze exposure influences the skin fungal community. IMPORTANCE Skin fungi play an important role in human health. Particulate matter (PM), the main haze pollutant, has been a public environmental threat. However, few studies have assessed the effects of air pollutants on skin fungi. Here, haze exposure influenced the diversity and composition of the skin fungal community. In an in vitro experiment, a high concentration of PM promoted the growth of Talaromyces strains. The fungal community assembly is better fitted to a niche-based assembly model during haze days. We anticipate that this study may provide new insights on the role of haze exposure disturbing the skin fungal community. It lays the groundwork for further clarifying the association between the changes of the skin fungal community and adverse health outcomes. Our study is the first to report the changes in the skin fungal community during haze and nonhaze days, which expands the understanding of the relationship between haze and skin fungi.
Objective: To analyze the sensitization characteristics and change of major allergens in children from 2010 to 2020 in Beijing, so as to provide basis for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of allergic diseases in children. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the children who were suspected of allergic diseases and tested for serum immunoglobulin E (total IgE and specific IgE) in the children's Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Institute of Pediatrics from January 2010 to December 2020. A total of 45 746 children aged 0-17 years in Beijing were enrolled with a median (interquartile range) of 3.8 (2.5, 5.3) years. There were 28 918 boys (63.2%) and 16 828 girls (36.8%) and 14 984 cases (32.8%) in the infant group (<3 years old), 22 049 cases (48.2%) in the preschool group (3-6 years old), and 8 713 cases (19.0%) in the school-age group (6 years old and above). Immunocap allergen detection system (fluorescence enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) was used to detect and the characteristics and change trend of allergens during 11 years were statistically analyzed by Chi square test. Results: The top three positive rates of single food allergens sIgE were egg white 42.6% (2 788/6 577 tests), milk 38.4% (2 606/6 782 tests) and wheat 31.8% (1 417/4 449 tests), and the sequence of single inhaled allergens were Ragweed 42.6% (440/1 034 tests), Artemisia 38.4% (1 045/3 191 tests) and Alternaria alternata 31.3% (3 358/10 725 tests). The positive detection rates of egg white 47.0%(1 904/4 048 tests), milk 41.9%(1 769/4 226 tests) and wheat 33.9%(973/2 870 tests) in the infant group were the highest, and there have statistically significant(χ2=91.495, 73.907, 16.966, P<0.05). The positive rates of fx1 (22.5%, 121/537 tests), peanut (24.9%, 111/446 tests), soybean (20.0%, 74/370 tests) and shrimp (7.48%, 44/588 tests) were the highest in the school-age group(χ²=14.436, 10.751, 11.569, 13.703, P<0.05). The most common inhaled allergens were Alternaria alternata (14.8%, 422/2 859 tests) in the infant group, Ambrosia (34.5%, 143/415 tests) and Alternaria alternata (33.5%, 1 762/5 254 tests) in the preschool group, while in the school-age group were Ambrosia (56.4%, 282/500 tests) and Artemisia (48.2%, 573/1 189 tests). The positive rates of egg white, milk, wheat, sesame seed and peanut varied from 2010 to 2020, showing a trend of falling first and then rising(χ²=10.293,χ²=12.066,χ²=7.402,χ²=32.458,χ2=31.747,P<0.05).The positive detection rates of soybean showed a significant downward trend (21.4%, 173/809 tests in 2010, 15.4%, 70/455 tests in 2020, χ²=6.751,P=0.009), while that of shrimp and crab were at a stable low level(χ²=0.263, 1.346;P>0.05). From 2010 to 2020, mold (26.7%, 1 066/3 998 tests in 2010, 40.2% 1 705/4 243 tests in 2020), grass pollen (19.8%, 259/1 308 tests in 2010, 39.3%, 1 472/3 746 tests in 2020), tree pollen(17%, 180/1 058 tests in 2010, 29.8%, 916/3 075 tests in 2020) and animal dander (18.5%, 111/601 tests in 2010, 26.6%, 672/2 522 tests in 2020) were all showed significant upward trend (χ²=168.600, 163.601, 65.931 and 17.271 respectively, P<0.001) but dust mites (30.7%, 1 270/4 132 tests in 2010, 26.7%, 1 126/4 221 tests in 2020) showed a significant downward trend(χ²=16.822,P<0.001).In 2010, the most common inhaled allergen was dust mite 30.7% (1 270/4 132 tests), followed by mold 26.7% (1 066/3 998 tests), while they were mold 40.2% (1 705/1 243 tests), and grass pollen 39.3% (1 472/3 746 texts) respectively in 2020. Conclusion: In the past 11 years, the main food allergens in children were still egg white and milk, wheat, but the mold and pollen gradually replaced dust mite as the most common inhaled allergen.目的： 探讨2010—2020年期间北京市某儿童医院儿童主要变应原的致敏特征及变迁情况，为儿童过敏性疾病的诊断、治疗及预防提供依据。 方法： 回顾性研究，以2010年1月至2020年12月在首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院怀疑过敏性疾病就诊并进行血清免疫球蛋白E（总IgE和特异性IgE）检测的患儿作为研究对象，共纳入45 746例居住在北京地区的儿童，年龄范围0~17岁，中位数（四分位间距）为3.8（2.5，5.3）岁。男童28 918例（63.2%），女童16 828例（36.8%）。婴幼儿组（<3岁）14 984例（32.8%）、学龄前组（3~6岁）22 049例（48.2%）、学龄期组（6岁及以上）8 713例（19.0%）。应用ImmunoCAP变应原系统（荧光酶联免疫法）检测并采用χ²检验进行统计分析11年期间变应原的致敏特征及变化趋势。 结果： 单价食物变应原sIgE阳性检出率前3位依次为鸡蛋白42.6%（2 788/6 577例次）、牛奶38.4%（2 606/6 782例次）和小麦31.8%（1 417/4 449例次）；单价吸入变应原依次为豚草42.6%（440/1 034例次）、艾蒿38.4%（1 045/3 191例次）、链格孢31.3%（3 358/10 725例次）。鸡蛋白47.0%（1 904/4 048例次）、牛奶41.9%（1 769/4 226例次）、小麦33.9%（973/2 870例次）在婴幼儿组阳性检出率最高，差异有统计学意义（χ²=91.495、73.907、16.966，P均<0.05），坚果混合fx1（22.5%，121/537例次）、花生（24.9%，111/446例次）、大豆（20.0%，74/370例次）和虾（7.48%，44/588例次）在学龄组阳性率最高，差异有统计学意义（χ²=14.436、10.751、11.569、13.703，P均<0.05）。婴幼儿组最常见的吸入变应原为链格孢霉（14.8%，422/2 859例次），学龄前期以豚草（34.5%，143/415例次）和链格孢霉（33.5%，1 762/5 254例次）为主，学龄期豚草（56.4%，282/500例次）和艾蒿（48.2%，573/1 189例次）检出率最高。2010—2020年期间鸡蛋白、牛奶、小麦、芝麻、花生的阳性检出率整体存在差异，呈现出先下降后上升的趋势（χ²=10.293、χ²=12.066、χ²=7.402、χ²=32.458、χ²=31.747，P均<0.05）；大豆阳性检出率呈现下降趋势（2010年21.4%、173/809例次，2020年15.4%、70/455例次），差异有统计学意义（χ²=6.751，P=0.009）。2010—2020年期间霉菌、草花粉、树木花粉、动物皮屑均呈现出上升趋势，霉菌（2010年26.7%、1 066/3 998例次，2020年40.2%、1 705/4 243例次）、草花粉（2010年19.8%、259/1 308例次，2020年39.3%、1 472/3 746例次）、树花粉（2010年17.0%、180/1 058例次，2020年29.8%、916/3 075例次）、动物皮屑（2010年18.5%、111/601例次，2020年26.6%、672/2 522例次）上升显著，差异均有统计学意义（χ2分别为168.600、163.601、65.931、17.271，P均<0.001）；但尘螨（2010年30.7%、1 270/4 132例次，2020年26.7%、1 126/4 221例次）呈下降趋势，差异有统计学意义（χ²=16.822，P<0.001）。2010年最常见的吸入变应原为尘螨30.7%（1 270/4 132例次），其次为霉菌26.7%（1 066/ 3 998例次），而2020年最常见的变应原为霉菌40.2%（1 705/1 243例次），其次为草花粉39.3%（1 472/3 746例次）。 结论： 2010—2020年期间北京地区儿童主要食物变应原仍以鸡蛋白、牛奶、小麦为主，但霉菌和花粉类逐渐取代尘螨成为最主要的吸入变应原。.
Objective To observe the effects of Luffa-extrac t from fruit,leaf and vine on the macrophage function in mice. Methods Fifty mice were randomly divided into five groups: the normal control group, t hree experimental groups and the positive control group. The mice in the normal control groups were perfused with saline; and those in the experimental group we re performed with Luffa-extract derived from fruit,leaf and vine respective ly; and those in the positive control group were perfused with thymopeptide. The stu dy was carried out 10 days later by determining the changes of acid phosphatase (ACP) activity in peritoneal macrophage (PMΦ) and the engulfing function of PM Φ.Results Compared to the control group, the ACP activity and the engulfing function of PMΦ increased in the experimental group,which in orde r of action,group Ⅲ,group Ⅱand group Ⅰ.There was no significant difference c ompared to the positive control group. Conclusion Luffa-ex tract plays a very important role in enhancing macrophage function in mice.
In this study, we analyzed high-fat diet (HFD)-induced time-course changes in proportions of T lymphocyte subsets in adipose tissue.Mice were fed with normal-fat diet (NFD) or HFD for 20 weeks. An autoanalyzer was used to assay plasma concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Stromal vascular cells were isolated from epididymal adipose tissues and labeled with antibodies for cluster of differentiation (CD) 3, CD4, CD8, interferon -g, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-17 for fluorescence-activated cell sorter. We discovered that weight of epididymal fat pads and perirenal fat in HFD group were higher than that in NFD group. Significant changes in glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, and HDL content were detected in sera of mice fed with HFD compared with those provided with NFD. Proportions of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells increased significantly in adipose tissues of HFD mice compared with those of NFD mice. Proportions of T helper (Th)1 and Th17 sublineages also increased significantly in HFD group. Long-time HFD-induced obesity can increase proportions of CD3+ T, CD4+ T, and CD8+ T cells in epididymal fat pads, disrupt balance of CD4+ T lymphocyte subsets, and induce progressive Th1 and Th17 biases.
Objective To construct eukaryotic expression plasmid for human growth hormone(hGH). Methods GHcDNA was cleaved by two kinds of restriction enzyme from pUC19-GHcDNA and inserted into eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3,froming recombinant pcDNA3-GH plastid.Its sequence was identified by cleaving of enzyme and sequencing.Results It was demonstrated that GHcDNA sequence and its insertion direction in recombinant pcDNA3-GH plasmid were correct.Conclusion The recombinant pcDNA3-GH plasmid constructed in our test room possesses a certain significance for the study of its physical and pathological roles in vivo.
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