This study investigated the association between sleep duration, fat mass, lean mass and obesity. Participants of this cross-sectional study were 16 905 adults included into the 4th and 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Sleep duration was assessed by self-reported survey and categorized into ≤ 5, 6, 7, 8 and ≥ 9 h per day. The group reporting 7 h of sleep per day (comprised of those sleeping 7-8 h per day) was used as the reference group. Body composition was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Obesity was defined based on the criteria from the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity. Least-squares means of fat mass index (FMI) and lean mass index (LMI) adjusted for age, employment status, comorbidities and physical activity were used to assess the relation between sleep duration and body composition. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of obesity according to sleep duration after adjusting for sociodemographic and health-related factors. After adjustment, FMI increased with fewer hours of sleep (P for trend: < 0.001) and LMI decreased with more hours of sleep (P for trend: 0.011). Compared to the reference group, sleep-deprived individuals were 1.22 times more likely to have general obesity (aOR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.03-1.45) and 1.32 times more likely to have abdominal obesity (aOR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.10-1.58). Our findings suggest that sleep deprivation might be related to an increase of fat mass and obesity, while oversleeping could be linked to a reduction of lean mass.
Acute necrotizing esophagitis (AEN), also called “black esophagus,” is a rare disorder with an unknown pathogenesis. Endoscopic findings generally show black pigmentation throughout the esophagus. This case also offered rare views of the gross anatomy of this disorder. Histological examination revealed that the mucosal and submucosal layers of the esophagus were involved in the severe necrotizing inflammation. The chief manifestation of this disease is hematemesis from hemorrhage of the upper gastrointestinal tract with a typically multifactorial etiology. AEN is also characterized by a clear boundary at the gastroesophageal junction where the necrosis stops. In this study, we report an autopsy case of a 61-year-old man with necrotizing inflammation throughout the esophagus and esophageal necrosis from the laryngopharynx to the gastroesophageal junction. The patient was a disabled person with a history of alcohol abuse who was also diagnosed with mild coronary arteriosclerosis and fatty liver on the basis of the underlying diseases. In this case, the main etiology for poor perfusion from the distal esophageal area was likely underlying illness, history of alcoholism, and malnutrition.
The purpose of present study was to apply histomorphometry to estimate the age at death using the clavicular osteonal remodeling rate and to develop an age-predicting equation. 46 clavicular samples consisting 28 males and 18 females were obtained from Korean cadavers. Two sequential 1-mm-thick sections, were prepared using a diamond wheel, and a 100 um-thick section was then made by manual grinding with polarizing filter optical microscopy. Three histomorphometric variables, including relative cortical area (RCA), osteon population density (OPD), and mean osteon area (OA), were measured. The mean values are indicated because no significant difference in any variable was noted by a paired t test between the two sequential sections. Analysis of covariance demonstrated that stratification of the statistical results of OPD and OA based on sex was unnecessary, except for RCA. Regression analysis indicated that the highest coefficient value was OPD (R2 = 0.583), which was selected as a significant value with RCA for an age-predicting equation (R2 = 0.628) by the multiple regression analysis stepwise method. In conclusion, a histomorphometric method using the clavicle is reliable for age estimation in physical and forensic anthropological fields.
As for sexual dimorphism, the carrying angle has reported focusing on its evident disparity between sexes, so the distal humerus contributing to the formation of elbow joint is anticipated to be useful bone element for estimating sex in forensic anthropology. The purpose of this study is to develop sex‐determining equations from the distal humerus based on the 3D morphometrics and investigate whether the metric method for sexing the distal humerus could be helpful in diverse fields. The right 3D humeral models were obtained from 72 subjects (36 males and 36 females) from the CT‐based Digital Korean Collection. Seven variables including subtrochlear angle (SA), trochlear asymmetry (TA), angle of trochlear inclination (ATI), index (IOF) and depth (DOF) of olecranon fossa, dorsal projection of medial epicondyle (DPME), and distal humeral dimension (DHD) were measured. DOF, DHD, and DPME were selected for providing the equation and the prediction accuracy of 93.1% was postulated through the discriminant function analysis (Discriminant Function = 1.038 x DHD + 0.399 x DPME ‐ 0.383 x DOF). In conclusion, the equation prepared in this study would be expected as a useful method for sex determination especially when the bones are found as fragmentary conditions at excavation site. Grant Funding Source : This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF‐2013R1A1A2009306) and also by the NRF‐Global Ph.D. Felloship Program (NRF‐2013H1A2A1033069).
The body mass (BM) that is gauging physical characteristics of individuals is still challengeable information to acquire from the skeletal remains in the fields of biological anthropology. The aim of this study is to develop the BM‐predicting equations from the talus using 3D morphometrics and investigate whether the estimated BM can be used as a biological profile in forensic anthropology.The right‐side talus in type of 3D models obtained from 76 Koreans (32 males and 44 females) of known stature, bi‐iliac breadth, and femoral head diameter were used. In this study, the inductive approach is needed in order to construct information about the weight for the CT‐based Digital Korean Collection, applying morphometric and mechanical method for assuming the weight of the individuals from the collection. For developing BM‐predicting equations, nine variables of 3D talus were measured through Mimics software (Materialise NV, Leuven, Belgium) and statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). Overall this study, analysis of covariance found no statistically significant differences between sexes in most talar measurements except that talar length is just not. The linear regression analyses revealed that talar height was the most highly correlated measurement with the BM ( R 2 = 0.702, SEE = 3.73), followed by talar length ( R 2 = 0.701, SEE = 3.74) and talar width ( R 2 = 0.631, SEE = 4.15). Through the multiple regression analysis, four measurements of talar height, talar length, trochlear breadth and head height were selected as a BM‐predicting equations by stepwise selection with increasing the coefficient of determination (Adjusted R 2 = 0.779, SEE = 3.19). In conclusion, the BM‐predicting equations were developed and expected this study do role as a stimulus of further study for assessment the effectiveness of anthropological body mass estimation serving as a biological profile. Grant Funding Source : Supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF‐2013R1A1A2009306)
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