486 Background: We compared the short- and long-term efficacy and safety of interferon-a plus sorafenib with sorafenib monotherapy as first-line treatment in metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients. Methods: mRCC patients who had not received systemic treatment were administered either interferon-a (300 MIU IM every other day) plus sorafenib (400 mg bid n=24, Group A) or sorafenib monotherapy (400 mg bid; n=24, Group B). Objective responses (OR; RECIST criterion ver 1.0) and differences in OR, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and toxicity were compared. Results: Sixty eight percent males were present in both the groups with comparable baseline demographic characteristics. After a median follow-up of 68 months, the OR was comparable (p=0.726) in Group A vs B; complete remission (1 vs 0 cases), partial remission (6 vs 7 cases), stable disease (14 vs 15 cases), and progressive disease (3 vs 3 cases). No significant difference was observed in the median PFS (p=0.965) and median OS (p=0.223) between both groups [9.4 months (95% CI: 5.8-17.4), Group A vs 14.0 months (95% CI: 9.9-18.0), Group B] and [32.9 months (95% CI: 8.2-87.1), Group A vs 20.4 months (95% CI: 16.2-24.6), Group B], respectively. The 5-year survival rate was higher in Group A vs B (46% vs 25%). Toxicity symptoms like fever (13 vs 3 cases), fatigue (15 vs 9 cases) and neutropenia (6 vs 1 cases) were more pronounced in Group A vs B. The incidence of hand and foot skin reactions, alopecia, rash, hypertension, liver dysfunction, hypophosphatemia, anemia, and other toxicities was similar in both groups. There were 14 (58.3%) and 8 (33.3%) cases of dosage reduction or suspension in Groups A and B, respectively. Conclusions: Short-term effect of interferon-a plus sorafenib as first-line treatment for mRCC was comparable to sorafenib monotherapy in terms of OR and PFS. Although higher toxicity was reported for interferon-a plus sorafenib, the combination holds promise for improving long-term OS.
Layer LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O1.95Y0.05(Y=O,F,Cl,Br) anode materials were synthesized by sol-gel method.The well-crystallized samples were obtained at calcining temperature 850℃ for 20 h under air atmosphere.The crystal structure,apparent morphology and electrochemical performance were characterized by XRD,SEM and charge-discharge tests.XRD patterns suggested that the F-doped and Cl-doped materials had highly ordered layered structure.The charge-discharge tests showed that the F-doped and Cl-doped materials improved the discharge specific capacity,cyclic performance and rate capability.Especially for the F-doping material,the initial discharge specific capacity was up to 207.5 mAh/g at the voltage of 2.0~4.6 V,the current rate of 0.15 mA and 55℃,and the capacity of the 60th cycle was 165.1 mAh/g at 0.9 mA.Br-doping material displayed bad structure stability,poor cyclic performance and a lower discharge specific capacity.
LiNi0.7Co0.3O2 Were prepared by the sol-gel method.The results showed that all the samples have α-NaFeO2-type hexagonal layered structure and show no impurity-related peaks of sample.The LiNi0.7Co0.3O2 with Li/(Ni+Co)=1.05 synthesized at 800 ℃ for 12 h in air displayed the best electrochemical performance,at 0.1 C,the initial charge and discharge capacity was 218.0 mAh/g and 190.2 mAh/g,respectively;and the initial charge-discharge efficiency was 87.2%.After 20 cycles,this sample remained 171.5 mAh/g of discharge capacity,the capacity retention rate was 90.3%.
The researches in recent years on layered Li-Co-NiMn-O as a novel cathode material for Li-ion battery are analyzed.The influences of different synthesis methods and composition on properties of layered Li-Co-Ni-Mn-O are compared,and the measures to improve the properties of layered Li-Co-Ni-Mn-O are put forward.The synthesis at low temperature is thought to be developed,and the contents of Co and Ni should be further lowered.It's pointed out that doping one or more kinds of metals with a high valence is considered to be a promising method.
The layered cathode material LiNi0.4Co0.2Mn0.4O2 has been synthesized by sol-gel method,solid-state method and carbonate co-precipitation method, respectively. XRD, SEM, CV, EIS and electrochemical measurements were used to characterize the samples synthesized via different synthetic routes. The results show that the difference in preparation methods results in the difference in the structure, morphology of the prepared materials and electrochemical performance. LiNi0.4Co0.2Mn0.4O2 prepared by the sol-gel method exhibited higher discharge capacity than LiNi0.4Co0.2Mn0.4O2 prepared by the other two methods, its initial specific discharge capacity was 191.8 mAh/g (2.3-4.6V, 0.1C rate). However, the sample prepared by carbonate co-precipitation method showed better capacity retention when compared to the sample prepared by the other two methods, it exhibited the capacity retentions of 93.0% at 0.2C after 50 cycles.
The layered Li-rich cathode material Li[Li0.2Ni0.16Mn0.56Co0.06Al0.02]O2, which is a solid solution between Li[Li1/3Mn2/3]O2 and LiNi0.4Mn0.4Co0.15Al0.05O2 has been synthesized firstly by a sol-gel process. X-ray diffraction (XRD) identified that the material has layered a-NaFeO2 structure, and images of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the material particles are about i00nm. Electrochemical measurements showed that in the range of 2.0-4.8V at a rate of 0.iC, the initial discharge capacity at 20 oC is 22i.8mAh/g with the irreversible capacity loss of 38.2mAh/g, and the initial discharge capacity at 55 oC is 28i.7mAh/g with the irreversible capacity loss of 2i.imAh/g. The material also exhibits good cycleability and rate capability. The cyclic voltammetry data are reflected in the charge-discharge studies.
The doped Ni/Co in Li-ion battery cathode material LixNi0.02Co0.02Mn1.96O4 was determined by air-acetylene flame atomic absorption spectrometry,and the determination conditions of the two elements were explored.The linear correlations of working curve were: Ni 0.999 9,Co 0.999 7;The reclaimable rate of the method were: Ni 97.2%～101.6%,Co 97.6%～102.6%.The method is simple and rapid in the process,and the result of the determination is good in accuracy.It can meet the requirements of laboratory and production process quality controlling.
We designed and synthesized five new 1-alkyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)-imide room temperature ionic liquids in the work. Subsequently, these ionic liquids were developed as electrolytes for Li/LiFeO4 batteries to study on effect of the physical properties, interfacial and electrochemical performance by changing the alkyl chain. -butyl, -amyl, -octyl, -isooctyl and -decyl group. The results showed electrochemical windows of all ionic liquid are up to 5.6 V (similar to 0.4 similar to 5.2 V vs Li+/Li). The fact reveals the ionic liquid electrolytes are of excellent electrochemical stability. The ternary electrolyte will form fine solid electrolyte interphase film (SEI) on the surface of metallic lithium electrode in the presence of vinylene carbonate The SEI protects lithium foil to corrosion and enhances the stability of the Li electrode. Ac impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry analysis further demonstrate the ionic liquid electrolytes have also excellent compatibility with LiFeO4 electrode. Moreover, obvious dependence of the electrochemical properties on the alkyl in the ionic liquid was observed Li/LiFePO4 batteries with butyl-DMimTFSI and amyl-DMimTFSI as electrolytes exhibited better charge/discharge capacity and reversibility than that of other three ionic liquids. Their initial discharge capacity is about to 145 and 152.6 mAh/g and indicates excellent cycle reversibility. For the batteries with the electrolyte-based isooctyl-DMimTFSI ionic liquid, the initial discharge capacity is only 8.3 mAh.g(-1) due to its biggest viscosity However, it added dramatically to 132.4 mAh.g(-1) when 50% (w/w) propylene carbonate was introduced into the ternary electrolyte as diluent.
The bromo-polyethylenegylcol-monomethacrylate(BPEG-MMA) was synthesized by two steps.Firstly,methylacrylic acid was esterified with polyethylene glycol(PEG,M=200,400) to give polyethyleneglycol-monomethacrylate(PEG-MAA) Secondly,treatment of PEG-MA with phosphorus tribromide gave the aim product.The effects of different ratio of reacting material,concentration and temperature were studied in the bromination reactions.Besides,the conductivities and rheologic properties were studied.At 30 ℃,the viscosity of BPEG(400)-MMA was 0.17 Pa·s and BPEG(200)-MMA,0.35 Pa·s.At 30 ℃,the conductivity of BPEG(400)-MMA are 6.17×10-5 s/cm and BPEG(200)-MMA,1.74×10-3 s/cm.
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