Hajime Araki

Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daiichi Hospital

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Change of Soil Properties and Yield of Eggplant in First- and Fourth-Year Non-Flooded Clayey Paddy

Japanese Journal of Farm Work Research (2003)

Hajime Araki Akira Horii Haruo Tsukano Toshiei Sato Michiaki ITO

For establishment of cropping technique of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) in non-flooded clayey paddy without underdrainage, soil moisture, oxidation in subsoil and yields of eggplants (cv. Niigata Kuro Juzen and cv. Senryo Nigo) grown in first- and fourth-year non-flooded clayey paddies were investigated, comparing with those of an upland field (sandy loam). Taro (Colocasia esculenta), soybean (Glycine max) and tomato (Licopersicon esculentum) were produced in each previous year in fourth-year non-flooded clayey paddy. Soil moistures (pF) in the 3 tested fields were similar until the middle of July. The pF in upland field maintained near 2.5 value after late of July. The pF of the first- year drained continued to exhibit a low value (1.5-2.0), whereas, that of the fourth-year drained paddy showed higher value, varying 1.9-2.6, in August. Soil oxidation was occasionally observed in the reduced layer of the fourth-year non-flooded paddy. The frequencies of soil clods less than 20mm after rotary tillage were 75-76% in the first- and fourth-year drained paddies, which were lower than that observed in the upland field. Though the growth of eggplant in the first-year non-flooded paddy was reduced, growth reduction was not recognized in the fourth-year non-flooded paddy, compared with that in the upland field. The yield of eggplant in the fourth-year non-flooded paddy increased in August, while it was small in the first- year non-flooded paddy. The total yield of eggplant grown in the fourth-year non-flooded paddy was significantly larger than those in the first-year non-flooded paddy and the upland field. From these results, it was recognized that soil properties in 4th-year non-flooded clayey paddy approached that of upland soil and it contributed the yield increase of eggplant.

Subsoil

Paddy field

Clay soil

10.4035/jsfwr.38.215

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Citations (0)

Estimation of Shading of Ground Surface Used Wheat and Barley Leaves by Image Processing

Agricultural Information Research (2003)

Kazuhiro Nakano Hajime Araki Toshinori Fukuyama Tomokazu Hamada

ムギ類のリビングマルチによる雑草抑制の可能性を調査した．コムギとオオムギの茎葉による地表面での遮光率と被覆率を測定した．リビングマルチとして販売されている緑肥用コムギ（マルチムギ）の7月播種では，播種密度3.2kg/10a以上で播種当初から分げつ数と草丈が大きくなり，遮光率も50%以上の高い値を示した．播種密度3.2kg/10aで5月に播種されたオオムギの分げつ数と草丈は品種間で大きく異なった．マルチムギの遮光率が播種後28日で37.5%であったのに対し，オオムギではそれより大きい品種が多数存在し，特にK027は遮光率74.2%を示した．供試したムギ類をビデオ撮影し，それを画像処理することで地表面被覆率を算出した．マルチムギの地表面被覆率が34.5%であったのに対し，オオムギのそれは25～60%と品種により大きく異なった．地表面被覆率は，分げつ数，草丈，地上部乾物重の地上部生長量を示す形質との間で相関が認められた．遮光率は地表面被覆率との間に高い相関関係(r=0.833)があるものの，地上部乾物重との相関は認められなかった．本研究によりK001, K069およびK027がリビングマルチの資材として有望であると考えられた．

Shading

10.3173/air.12.105

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Citations (1)

Studies on the Botanical Characteristics of Genus Dioscorea : III. Effect of Sucrose, Boric Acid and Temperature on Pollen Germination of Chinese Yam (Dioscorea opposita T. cv. Nagaimo)

Atatürk University Journal of Agricultural Faculty (1981)

Hajime Araki Takashi Harada Toshiro Yakuwa

Boric acid

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Citations (1)

Studies on the Botanical Characteristics of Genus Dioscorea : II. On the Formation and Germination of the Seed in Chinese Yam (cv. Nagaimo)

Atatürk University Journal of Agricultural Faculty (1981)

Toshiro Yakuwa Takashi Harada Noboru Kasai Hajime Araki

Source

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Citations (6)

Soil properties and vegetable production with organic mulch and no-tillage system.

Japanese Journal of Farm Work Research (1999)

Hajime Araki Michiaki ITO

Organic mulch was formed by mowing wheat straw and hairy vetch in a no-tillage field. Soil temperature under the organic mulch was constant, and the organic mulch decreased soil temperature in summer and early autumn and increased it in middle and late autumn compared with a bare and tilled field. The pF was maintained at 1.5-1.8 even in the dry weather of August. Though much more release of inorganic nitrogen in the soil covered with organic mulch was recognized than in the bare and tilled field, there was no definite difference in the quantity of inorganic nitrogen released between the wheat straw and the hairy vetch mulch. Nitrogen concentration in lettuce produced in the hairy vetch mulch field was a little higher than that of lettuce in the bare and tilled field in autumn, 1995. Weed growth was suppressed effectively in the field covered with hairy vetch, and weed control was 53% in the wheat straw mulch field compared with that in the bare and tilled field. The yield of leaf lettuce (butter head), tomato and pod soybean in the hairy vetch mulch field was higher than in the wheat straw mulch field or the bare and tilled field.

10.4035/jsfwr.34.29

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Citations (17)

Soil carbon and nitrogen and tomato yield response to cover crop management

Agronomy Journal (2020)

Rafael Alexandre Muchanga Toshiyuki Hirata Yoshitaka Uchida Ryusuke Hatano Hajime Araki

Abstract Depending on management, cover crops may improve soil and environmental quality and tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) yield. We evaluated the effects of hairy vetch (HV; Vicia villosa R.) residue management and the biculture of HV and rye ( Secale cereale L.) on soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (STN), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), soil inorganic nitrogen, and tomato yield for 2 yr in a plastic high tunnel. The SOC in the surface 10‐cm depth was 2.87–17.5% significantly greater in HV incorporation (HVI), HV mulch (HVM), and the biculture of HV and rye treatments (HV+RYE), than in a no cover crop treatment (bare fallow). However, cover crop management effects on STN varied with soil depths (0‐ to 10‐ and 10‐ to 30‐cm depths) and years, and HVI tended to be more effective than other treatments in increasing STN. Residual soil nitrate−N was increased by cover crops, more so by HV monoculture than HV+RYE. The MBN and inorganic N (NO 3 − −N + NH 4 + −N) were greater in HVI than either HVM or HV+RYE. Tomato total yield was 11.1–43.8% significantly greater in HVI and HVM than in bare fallow. However, the effects of HV+RYE on MBN, inorganic N, and tomato yield varied with C/N ratio of residues and best results were obtained with a C/N ratio of 17.6 than with 23.7. Therefore, if an adequate seeding HV/rye ratio (2:1) is used, HV+RYE is a better management practice to increase SOC and STN at topsoil and tomato yield with least residual N.

Secale

Vicia villosa

Soil carbon

10.1002/agj2.20098

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Citations (11)

Production Trend and Cropping System of Asparagus in China

Japanese Journal of Farm Work Research (2017)

Yueping Zhang Hajime Araki

アスパラガスはルチン,サポニン,多糖類や有機セレン(セレニウム)が豊富に含有される高付加価値野菜の1つである.現在,中国は世界有数のアスパラガス生産国である.それはこの約20年間での急速な生産面積拡大により,アスパラガスは中国における巨大な産業になった.1990年代初頭,中国はアスパラガスの特に缶詰の輸出国であり,生産地において主にホワイトアスパラガスが栽培されていた.90年代中盤から,中国国内でのグリーンアスパラガスの消費やお茶,ジュース,薬や粉末等の多様な加工品の重要拡大により,グリーンアスパラガスの生産が徐々に増加した.このような国内での変化は収穫若茎の国内重要の増加と輸出量の減少につながった.アスパラガス若茎の収量や生産性の向上のために,冷涼気候の中国北部において,ホワイトアスパラガス栽培はグリーン生産に転換された.一方,中国の中央部や南部では,プラスチックハウス内において,立茎栽培と呼ばれる長期生産体系が始まった.この栽培体系では約3か月育成した種苗を定植して翌年からの収穫となる.定植と収穫は手作業で,株上からの霧状散水と土壌への点滴潅漑で水が供給されている.夏の遮熱対策として,遮光ネットを配置されている.2008年の世界経済危機においてアスパラガス生産も減少したが,2009年以降回復した.茎枯病と呼ばれる病害の被害は深刻で,特に中国南部においてはこの病害が,アスパラガス生産の持続的発展を制限する重大要因になっている.茎枯病に抵抗性を有する国内品種を育成の国家プロジェクト研究が遂行されている.

Asparagus

Cropping system

10.4035/jsfwr.52.27

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Citations (3)

Hairy Vetch Derived-N Uptake by Tomato Grown in a Pot Containing Fast-and Slow-release N Fertilizer

Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science (2014)

Yuichi Sugihara Hideto Ueno Toshiyuki Hirata Hajime Araki

In order to improve the use efficiency of a cover crop, hairy vetch (Vicia villosa R., HV), and supplemental chemical N fertilizer, N release and uptake patterns from HV, fast-release N fertilizer (Fast), and slow-release N fertilizer (Slow) in fresh market tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) production were investigated using the 15N-labeling method. In the incubation of soil-added N at two mix rates, 20% Fast + 80% Slow (FS) and 100% Slow (S), a large amount of inorganic N, mainly NH4+-N, was released by FS in 4 weeks. Tomato ‘House momotaro’ was grown in 1/2000 a Wagner pots incorporating such N fertilizer and 15N-labeled HV residue (30 g DW/pot, about 200 kg N·ha−1). Plant biomass in tomato grown with HV was larger than that grown without HV. HV-derived N (Ndfhv) was taken up by the tomatoes mainly until 4 weeks after transplant (WAT). The uptake amount of Ndfhv was the same in the pot with HV-FS and HV-S. The rate of N uptake derived from HV to total N uptake in tomato plants (%Ndfhv) was 43% in HV-S, higher than that in HV-FS (34%) in 4 WAT; however, such a difference disappeared after 4 WAT. N uptake by tomato plants continued until 12 WAT. Based on these results, HV acted as a fast-release fertilizer. There was competition in N uptake between chemical fertilizer N and HV-released N in the early stage of tomato cultivation. A large amount of chemical fertilizer tended to suppress the uptake of Ndfhv. N uptake by tomato plant continued until the late stage. These results can be applied to establish a suitable combination of HV and chemical fertilizer for tomato production.

Vicia villosa

10.2503/jjshs1.ch-061

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Citations (3)

Effect of Soil Covering on Growth and Blanching of Allium victorialis L. SSp.ρ la かPhyllum Hult.

Hideaki Suzuki Hajime Araki Takashi Harada Toshiro Y Akuwa

Blanching

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Effect of soil clod-size on the Emergence and Growth in Some Crops

Japanese Journal of Farm Work Research (2004)

Yumei Sun Michiaki ITO Hajime Araki Yoneji Yamashita

Five crops with different seed size, corn (Zea mays), soybean (Glycine max), Japanese radish (Raphanus sativus), carrot (Daucus carota) and komatsuna (Brassica rapa), were used in the present examination. With the aim of clarifying the effectiveness of soil clod-size on emergence and early growth of these crops, emergence ratio, plant length and dry weight of top and root were measured using wagner pot (1/2000a) contained with 5 levels of soil clod-size, <4mm, 4-10mm, 10-20mm, 20-40mm and 40-50mm in diameter. Emergence ratio in any crops decreased as soil clad-size was large, especially in carrot. Emergence ratio was inhibited in the 20 mm-soil clod in corn and soybean that produce large seed, however, it was inhibited in 10mm soil clod in carrot that has small and flat seed. There is not a significant difference in plant length and top dry weight in all crops among the soil clad-size less than 40mm. On the other hand, root dry weight became small as soil clod-size was large, and soil clod-size affected the root growth more than top growth comparatively. From these result, it is necessary to prepare the soil clod less than 10mm in seeding ditch to obtain high emergence ratio and vigorous early growth for all crops in reduced tillage.

Daucus carota

Dry weight

Dry land

Raphanus

10.4035/jsfwr.39.151

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Citations (4)