ZYM-201 is a methyl ester of a novel triterpenoid glycoside. It is isolated from Sanguisorba officinalis, a widely used medicinal plant in Korea, China, and Japan, that is prescribed for various diseases such as diarrhea, chronic intestinal infections, duodenal ulcers, and bleeding. In this study, the antihyperlipidemic effect of the salt form (sodium succinate) of ZYM-201 was examined using streptozotocin (STZ)-treated hyperglycemic rats. Oral administration of ZYM-201 sodium succinate (3 to 10 mg/kg) resulted in recovery of the increased serum levels of triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) back to normal levels. Elevated levels of serum lipoproteins, such as high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), were also significantly restored by this compound without altering 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase activity. Finally, ZYM-201 sodium succinate displayed antioxidative properties, including suppression of lipid peroxide and hydroxyl radical generation and upregulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Therefore, our data strongly suggest that ZYM-201 sodium succinate can be used as a remedy for the treatment of diabetes-derived hyperlipidemic disorders such as atherosclerosis and vascular diseases.
Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium that causes cardiogenic shock and death. However, endomyocardial biopsy that is, the gold standard for a diagnosis is limited. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox effector factor-1 (APE1/Ref-1) is a multifunctional protein, which is involved in DNA-based excision repair pathway, and in redox signaling, its changes are observed in various cardiovascular diseases including hypertension and coronary artery disease. We analyzed serum APE1/Ref-1 in experimental murine myocarditis. To induce myocarditis, coxsackievirus B3 was injected intraperitoneally to BALB/c mice. The serum APE1/Ref-1, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and troponin I were measured. The histology and virus titers measurements were performed. The troponin I and inflammation were significantly elevated at day 3, peaked to day 7 and decreased at day 10. The NT-proBNP and virus titers were significantly peaked at day 3, and dropped at day 7 and 10. The serum APE1/Ref-1 was gradually raised and its elevation is still maintained until a later time, namely day 10. Also, its level was positively correlated with myocardial inflammation, reflecting severity of myocardial injury. We suggest that serum APE1/Ref-1 can be used to assess for myocardial injury in viral myocarditis without endomyocardial biopsy.
There is a wide disparity in the incidence, malignancy and mortality of different types of cancer between each sex. The sex-specificity of cancer seems to be dependent on the type of cancer. Cancer incidence and mortality have been demonstrated as sex-specific in a number of different types of cancer, such as liver cancer, whereas sex-specificity is not noticeable in certain other types of cancer, including colon and lung cancer. The present study aimed to elucidate the molecular basis for sex-biased gene expression in cancer. The mRNA expression of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-associated genes was investigated, including E-cadherin (also termed CDH1), vimentin (VIM), discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) and zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) in female- and male-derived cancer cell lines by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and the Broad-Novartis Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) database analysis. A negative correlation was observed between DDR1 and ZEB1 only in the female-derived cancer cell lines via RT-PCR analysis. A negative correlation between DDR1 index (defined by the logarithmic value of DDR1 divided by ZEB1, based on the mRNA data from the RT-PCR analysis) and an invasive phenotype was observed in cancer cell lines in a sex-specific manner. Analysis of the CCLE database demonstrated that DDR1 and ZEB1, which are already known to be sex-biased, were negatively correlated in female-derived liver cancer cell lines, but not in male-derived liver cancer cell lines. In contrast, cell lines of colon and lung cancer did not reveal any sex-dependent difference in the correlation between DDR1 and ZEB1. Kaplan-Meier survival curves using the transcriptomic datasets such as Gene Expression Omnibus, European Genome-phenome Archiva and The Cancer Genome Atlas databases suggested a sex-biased difference in the correlation between DDR1 expression pattern and overall survival in patients with liver cancer. The results of the present study indicate that sex factors may affect the regulation of gene expression, contributing to the sex-biased progression of the different types of cancer, particularly liver cancer. Overall, these findings suggest that analyses of the correlation between DDR1 and ZEB1 may prove useful when investigating sex-biased cancers.
본 연구는 다문화가정 아동의 부모-자녀 관계의 질과 학교적응을 이해하기 위해 일반가정 아동과의 차이를 비교하고, 부모-자녀관계의 질이 학교적응에 영향을 미치는지를 파악하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 경기도 내에 초등학교에 재학 중이면서 기본적인 의사소통이 가능한 5-6학년 다문화가정 학생과 일반학생을 대상으로 설문을 실시하였다. 연구 결과 다문화가정 학생의 집단이 다른 집단에 비해 아버지-자녀 관계의 질이 낮은 것으로 분석되었다. 이에 다문화교육에서 아버지의 역할 등 다문화가정 학생의 아버지에 대한 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다. 또한 부모-자녀의 관계의 질이 다문화가정 학생의 학교적응에 유의하게 영향을 미친 것으로 보아 다문화가정 학생의 부모를 대상으로 학생 교육에 있어 실질적으로 도움을 줄 수 있는 다양한 교육프로그램이 제공된다면 다문화가정 학생들의 학교적응력이 더욱 향상될 것으로 판단된다. This study is intended to increase the understanding of multicultural children's parent-child which I used as a control. To do this a survey was conducted of students with basic communication ability in the $5^{th}$ and $6^{th}$ grades who are enrolled in elementary school in Gyeonggi Province. In the study, the multicultural children's group, when compared to other groups, had a father-child relationship quality that was found to be lower. A study will be made analyzing the father of multicultural families' children, including the father's role in multicultural education. Through the fact that the quality of parent-child relationship significantly affects multicultural family children's school adjustment. If multicultural family parents have access to a variety of training programs in education, then multicultural children school adjustment will be further enhanced.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether stool polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has a higher clinical sensitivity for detecting enterovirus compared with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) PCR in pediatric patients suspected to have enteroviral meningitis. We retrospectively reviewed 139 pediatric patients with enteroviral meningitis diagnosed in our hospital during 2010–2012. Enteroviral meningitis was diagnosed based on detection of virus in CSF and/or stool samples in aseptic meningitis patients. Patients were divided into definitive enteroviral meningitis (positive CSF PCR) and highly probable enteroviral meningitis (negative CSF PCR, but positive stool PCR) groups. The clinical characteristics of the two groups were compared to identify the characteristics of patients with highly probable enteroviral meningitis. We also analyzed the influence of sampling time on the PCR results of the two specimen types. Patients with highly probable enteroviral meningitis had a lower white blood cell count in CSF ( P P = 0.03) than did patients with definitive enteroviral meningitis. The CSF enterovirus positivity rate was lower in CSF specimens obtained > 1 day after clinical onset, whereas the majority of stool samples were PCR positive throughout the course of the disease. Our results suggest that PCR of stool specimens may be useful in pediatric patients with suspected enteroviral meningitis, particularly when the duration of symptoms is >1 day and/or a lower degree of CSF pleocytosis is observed.
본 연구는 학생 시민의식의 편차를 중심으로 그 실태를 진단하고 이러한 시민의식 편차에 영향을 미치는 요인을 실증적으로 분석하여 교육 형평성 측면에서 우리나라 민주시민교육을 내실화하는 데 필요한 시사점을 도출하는 데 목적이 있다. 랜덤포레스트와 분위회귀분석을 통해 ICCS 2016을 분석해서 학생 시민의식 편차의 실태와 영향 요인을 분석하고, 전문가 FGI를 통해 학생 시민의식 편차의 원인과 개선 방안을 논의하였다. 분석 결과, 우리나라는 비교 국가 중에서 학생 시민의식 수준의 편차가 상대적으로 큰 국가였으며, 학급 토론의 개방성, 학교시민교육 활동, 교사와 학생 간의 관계, 지역사회에서의 학생 참여, 소셜미디어를 활용한 참여 등이 시민의식의 편차를 줄이는 데 긍정적 요인임을 확인하였다. FGI 분석 결과, 시민교육에 관한 이데올로기적 접근과 학교 상황 및 여건에 따른 시민교육의 기회 차이가 학생 시민의식의 편차를 일으키는 원인으로 나타났으며, 이를 개선하기 위해 1) 시민교육의 중핵 기관으로서 학교의 위상 강화, 2) 시민교육의 주체로 교사 리더십 강화, 3) 공공성, 협력, 토론과 소통 등을 중시하는 학교 문화로의 변화, 4) 시민교육을 통해 학생의 삶과 실질적으로 연계된 교육 강화, 5) 민주주의 워크숍으로서 시민교육의 장 마련 등을 제안하였다.This study empirically analyzes the influencing factors, with the goal of deriving insights to enhance civic education in South Korea. Through the analysis of ICCS 2016 data using Random Forest and Quantile Regression, the research examines the status and factors affecting student civic competencies, while expert Focus Group Interviews(FGI) delve into the root causes and potential solutions. The findings indicate that South Korea exhibits substantial variations in student civic competencies compared to other countries. Positive factors contributing to reducing these variations include open classroom discussions, school civic education activities, favorable teacher-student relationships, student involvement in the local community, and engagement through social media. The FGI results reveal that differences in too-much ideological approaches to civic education and varying opportunities within schools are underlying causes of the observed variations in student civic consciousness. To address these challenges, the study proposes strengthening schools as core institutions for civic education, enhancing teacher leadership, fostering a school culture of public engagement and collaboration, and reinforcing education that connects students’ lives with civic society.
Myelofibrosis (MF) is often accompanied by chronic myeloid leukemia, hairy cell leukemia, or certain primary myeloproliferative neoplasms, but is rarely associated with lymphoid neoplasms. We herein describe a case of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) with MF. IVLBCL is a rare, aggressive type of extranodal B-cell lymphoma, defined by proliferation of lymphomatous cells within small-to medium-sized vessels. A 60-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with anemia, thrombocytopenia and fever. Bone marrow biopsy findings included trilineage hematopoiesis, increased numbers of immature cells, markedly abnormal and enlarged megakaryocytes, and diffuse fibrosis in multiple focal areas throughout the entire bone marrow space. When the patient was first hospitalized, hepatosplenomegaly was not present. Although initially considered during differential diagnosis, an aggressive lymphoma could not be diagnosed prior to colonoscopy, which was conducted 4 weeks after admission. A biopsy of the terminal ileum revealed IVLBCL with cells with atypical nuclei. Immunophenotyping of the atypical large cells yielded a positive result for CD79a and negative results for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, myeloperoxidase, CD3, CD10, CD20, B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2, Bcl-6 and cytomegalovirus. The patient was diagnosed with IVLBCL complicated by MF. This case may serve as a reminder that IVLBCL may be the cause of secondary MF.
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