ABSTRACT Differentiation from neural progenitor to mature neuron requires a metabolic switch, whereby mature neurons become almost entirely dependent upon oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for ATP production. Although more efficient with respect to ATP production, OXPHOS produces additional reactive oxygen species, as compared to glycolysis; thus, endogenous mechanisms to quench free radicals are essential for the maintenance of neuronal health. Melatonin is synthesized in neuronal mitochondria and has a dual role as a free radical scavenger and as an inhibitor of mitochondrial‐triggered cell death and proinflammatory pathways. Previously, we showed that loss of endogenous melatonin induced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and cytochrome c (CytC) release triggering pathological inflammation and cell death pathways, respectively. Here we find that in mature neurons, but not undifferentiated neuronal cells, melatonin deficiency altered metabolic reprogramming in aralkylamine N ‐acetyltransferase knockout (AANAT‐KO) neurons as compared with neurons expressing AANAT. Interestingly, there are no differences in neural progenitors regardless of AANAT status. In addition, AANAT‐KO deficiency elevated BAK and BAX levels in AANAT‐KO neurons. Further, we found that exogenous melatonin treatment of AANAT‐KO cells during differentiation into mature neurons rescued metabolic reprogramming defects and restored normal BAK/BAX levels. Thus, we demonstrated that the metabolic reprogramming and subsequent consequences of the switch to OXPHOS that normally occurs during neuronal maturation are compromised by melatonin deficiency and rescued by melatonin supplementation.
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are classically characterized as cell-surface receptors transmitting extracellular signals into cells. Here we show that central components of a GPCR signaling system comprised of the melatonin type 1 receptor (MT
Описана разработанная автором методика оценки положения регионов по уровню социально- экономического развития. Произведен анализ построенных рейтингов социально-экономического развития регионов Севера Российской Федерации.
A set of medical optoelectronic equipment, designed in order to perform medical procedures with new-born children such as medical examination, diagnostic routine, sanitation, medicine treatment, light therapy, massage and other physiotherapeutic procedures, is presented. The apparatus includes the metal support with a cradle for a baby, a multirange optical module, a temperature sensor, a micro-controller, a device of emergency alarm. The equipment has passed the sanitary-hygienic tests and has been implemented into the medical practice in a large number of Belarusian medical institutions.
