Abstract Background Nowadays, the internal fixation has been an effective way for calcaneal fractures treatment. However, high risk of infection was found after the internal fixation, and the mechnism remains unclear. Objective In this work, we systematically preformed a comparative proteomic analysis between necrotic tissues and normal soft tissues aiming to find the molecular changes of the tissue during the fixation. Method The necrotic tissues (NTs) samples (n = 3) and the normal soft tissues control (NC) samples (n = 3) which was 2 -3 cm away from the NT were collected after the surgery. ALC-MS/MS analysis. A label free quantitation stragy was used to compare the proteome alterations followed by detailed bioinformatic analysis. Results A total of 902 and 1286 protein groups were quantified in the NT group and the NC group separately, with 233 proteins upregulated and 484 proteins downregulated in the NT group. Those differently expressed proteins were highly correlated with the metabolic pathways, especially those downregulated proteins in the necrotic tissue indicating an inacitive cell states in the nearby of the plate internal fixation. In addition, the detailed functiona analysis showed that the the upregutated proteins in necrotic tissue were highly enriched in the disease-related functions. Conclusion This alerted us to clean the wound in time and found a safer strategy for internal fixation. Altogether, the emerging understanding of the proteomic properties in the necrotic tissue will guide the development of new strategies for internal fixation of calcaneal fractures
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Treatment of the entire root canal system is essential for the success of root canal treatment. Thus, it is necessary for the clinician to know the root canal anatomy of the human dentition and its variations. This case report describes a patient with double palatal roots on the maxillary right second molar. Meanwhile, her maxillary left second molar had, asymmetrically, only 1 palatal root. Though the possibility of 2 palatal root canals in the maxillary second molars is scarce, it should be taken into account during endodontic treatment to guarantee successful treatments.
Through case study, this essay focuses on “transaction obstacle” which blocks entrepreneurship, and finds that entrepreneurs may establish complete business system by detecting and governing those key transaction obstacles. Therefore, the essay hypothesizes that transaction obstacle is a key construct in entrepreneurial process and the excellence of transaction obstacle governance is positively correlated with entrepreneurial success. The research initially presents both the concept of transaction obstacle and the concept of transaction obstacle governance, and thus adds new knowledge to the entrepreneurial process theory.
Background: Nowadays, the internal fixation has been an effective way for calcaneal fractures treatment. However, postoperative incision infection was one of the common complications found after the internal fixation operation and better treatment to avoid the infection is in need. Objective: In this work, we systematically preformed a comparative proteomic analysis between necrotic tissues and normal soft tissues aiming to find the molecular changes of the tissue during the fixation for better understanding the diseases. Method: The Necrotic Tissues (NTs) samples (n = 3) and the control soft tissues control (NC) samples (n = 3) which was 2-3 cm away from the NT were collected after the surgery. A LC-MS/MS based label free proteomic quantitation strategy was used to compare the proteome alterations followed by detailed bioinformatic analysis. Results: A total of 902 and 1286 protein groups were quantified in the NT group and the NC group separately, with 233 proteins upregulated and 484 proteins downregulated in the NT group. Those differently expressed proteins were highly correlated with the metabolic pathways, especially those downregulated proteins in the necrotic tissue indicating an inactive cell state. In addition, the detailed functional analysis showed that the upregulated proteins in necrotic tissue were highly enriched in the disease-related functions such as necrosis. Conclusion: This alerted us to clean the wound in time and found a safer strategy for internal fixation. Altogether, the emerging understanding of the proteomic properties in the necrotic tissue will guide the development of new strategies for internal fixation of calcaneal fractures.
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