To compare the levels of calcium and phosphorus in the aqueous humor and serum of diabetics and non-diabetics.We divided patients into two groups: seventy-six non-diabetic cataract patients and fifty-two diabetic cataract patients. The diabetic group was divided again into three subgroups: twenty-six patients with no diabetic retinopathy, thirteen patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and thirteen patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The authors compared the levels of calcium and phosphorus in the serum and aqueous humor of cataract patients. Statistic analysis was performed to form two comparisons: 1) a comparison between non-diabetics and diabetics and 2) a comparison among non-diabetics and the three subgroups of diabetics.In serum, calcium levels did not statistically differ between non-diabetics and diabetics. The phosphorus level was also not significantly different. In the aqueous humor, however, while calcium levels did not differ significantly, the phosphorus levels in diabetics were considerably higher than those in non-diabetics. When non-diabetics were compared to the three diabetic subgroups, calcium levels did not differ in serum or aqueous humor, but the phosphorus levels in diabetics with proliferative diabetic retinopathy were significantly higher than those in non-diabetics, diabetics without diabetic retinopathy, and diabetics with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy.The level of phosphorus in the aqueous humor and serum of diabetics was significantly increased, especially in diabetics with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. This result may be related to hydrophilic acrylic IOL opacification. Future studies regarding the pathogenic role of a high concentration of aqueous humor and serum phosphorus are required.
Chronic straining because of pelvic outlet obstruction is hypothesized to cause pudendal neuropathy (PN) by stretch injury.The aim of this study was to determine any association between PN and pelvic outlet obstruction.One hundred forty-seven constipated patients were evaluated by cinedefecography and pudendal nerve terminal motor latency assessment. PN was defined as a latency longer than 2.2 ms. Pelvic outlet obstructive patterns of evacuation included paradoxic contraction, nonrelaxation of the puborectalis muscle, or failure of opening of the anal canal.Median length of constipation including straining during evacuation was eight (range, 1-47) years. Ninety-one (62 percent) subjects had a normal pattern of evacuation, and 56 (38 percent) had an obstructed pattern. Both groups had a similar median age (68 vs. 69 years, respectively; P > 0.05) and same median length of symptoms. Overall incidence of PN was 23.8 percent (10.9 percent unilateral and 12.9 percent bilateral). There was no difference in the incidence of PN between patients with normal evacuation and patients with obstructed evacuation (24.2 percent vs. 23.2 percent, respectively; P > 0.05). Patients with PN had a similar incidence of physiologic pelvic outlet obstruction as did patients without PN. However, median age of patients with PN was higher than those without PN (73 vs. 66 years, respectively; P > 0.05).There was a difference in the incidence of PN between normal and obstructed patterns of evacuation. Therefore, the espoused theory that obstructed defecation causes PN appears flawed.
Purpose: To compare the clinical results of hydrophilic acrylic IOL 570H (Centerflex, Rayner, UK) with those of hydrophobic acrylic IOL MA60BM (Acrysof, Alcon, USA). Methods: Centerflex and Acrysof were each implanted in one eye of 31 patients with bilateral cataracts. We evaluated and compared best corrected visual acuity (BCVA, logMAR), refractive error, anterior capsular fibrosis, and posterior capsular opacification at mean 9.3 months after surgery. Results: BCVA (logMAR) was 0.040.07 in the Centerflex group and 0.030.07 in the Acrysof group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Refractive error was -0.230.76 diopter (D) in the Centerflex group and 0.090.61 D in the Acrysof group. There was a statistically significant difference of refractive error between the two groups (p=0.02). In the Centerflex group, the rates of both anterior capsular fibrosis and posterior capsular opacification were statistically significantly higher than those in the Acrysof group (both, p=0.05). Conclusions: We found no statistically significant difference of postoperative visual acuity between Centerflex and Acrysof lenses implanted in the bag after phacoemulsification. However, mean refractive error in eyes implanted with Centerflex lens was -0.23 D at mean 9.3 months after surgery and we recommended that the preoperative target refraction of the Centerflex lens be 0.23 D hyperopic and that postoperative anterior capsular fibrosis and posterior capsular opacification be checked carefully.
Purpose: We wanted to examine the feasibility of employing a laparoscopic approach for treating gastric remnant cancer based on our experience with preliminary laparoscopic surgery. Methods: Between September 2005 and January 2007, nine consecutive gastric remnant cancer patients underwent an initial laparoscopic approach. Their medical records, including the preoperative condition, the operation data, the histopathologic results and the follow-up data, were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Four patients underwent laparoscopic radical resection with at least D2 lymph node dissection. The other five patients initially underwent diagnostic laparoscopy. Overall, four patients had open conversion and they underwent radical resection (2 patients) or palliative surgery (2 patients). Another patient underwent diagnostic laparoscopy only. The intra-operative complications related to the previous gastrectomy and adhesions are not occurred. Eight of the nine patients underwent postoperative adjuvant or palliative chemotherapy. Conclusion: An initial laparoscopic approach that`s performed by a well-trained laparoscopic surgeon is feasible for treating gastric remnant cancer, although the results of long-term follow-up and a well-designed clinical trial are needed.
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