Transmigration of teeth is a relatively less well known phenomenon. Its etiology is not so well understood. We present a case of bilateral transmigration of mandibular canines with a type 5 classification pattern (Muparappu) in a 21 year old male patient with emphasis on its etiology and complications accompanying its management.
Introduction: One of the important components responsible for the maintenance of cell integrity is lipids, which are also required for various biological functions like cell division and growth of normal and malignant tissues. It has been proposed that malignancies are associated with changes in lipid profile. Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the alterations in lipid profile in untreated patients of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), leukoplakia, oral lichen planus (OLP) and control group. Materials and Methods: In this hospital-based study, 20 clinically diagnosed patients of OSF, 20 biopsy-proven cases of leukoplakia, 20 biopsy-proven cases of lichen planus and 20 subjects in the control groups were studied. In the samples collected, serum lipids including the following were analyzed: (i) serum cholesterol, (ii) serum triglyceride, (iii) low-density lipoprotein (LDL), (iv) high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and (v) very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). Results: Serum lipid profile had inverse relationship with oral precancerous conditions/lesions. Serum triglycerides and VLDL levels showed significant reduction in patients with leukoplakia and lichen planus as compared with controls. No significant correlation of the lipid profile has been found in the OSF patients. Conclusion: The above findings strongly warrant a large sample size keeping in mind the types of lichen planus, leukoplakia staging and OSF staging, and their correlation with tobacco habits is required to make it effective as a prognostic tool in life-threatening conditions.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether localization is achievable with a single panoramic radiograph. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 patients were studied, in varying age groups and were assessed clinically for impacted or erupted malpositioned maxillary canines. In 20 patients with erupted malposed canines, a panoramic radiograph was compared with the clinical visual method; and in the remaining 20 patients with impacted maxillary canines, a panoramic radiograph was compared with the buccal object rule, for localizing the canine. Results: In our study, the patients were in the age group of 11-52 years, with a mean age of 23.47 ± 8.63 years (SD). Kappa statistics revealed good agreement for localization by using panoramic radiographs when compared to the visual method (value-0.684), and they revealed moderate agreement for localization when using panoramic radiographs, as compared to the buccal object rule (value-0.630). A coefficient correlation for reliability of a panoramic radiograph gave a predictive value of P < 0.0001, thus proving that using panoramic radiography for localizing the object is highly significant. Conclusion: Our study suggested that panoramic radiography is a moderately reliable tool for localizing maxillary impacted canines.
(1) Background: As of 13 December 2020, Afghanistan reported around 48,952 confirmed COVID-19 cases and 1960 deaths. Lack of knowledge and perceptions among healthcare workers (HCWs) can pose challenges to disease control. Therefore, targeted, timely assessment of knowledge and perceptions are needed to address practices that might hinder efforts to stop the spreading of COVID-19 in Afghanistan. This study aimed to assess COVID-19-related knowledge, perceptions, and risk prevention practices (KPP) among frontline HCWs in Afghanistan; (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with the support of field teams who were deployed in Afghanistan, surveyed from 14 to 22 April 2020 in eight provinces in Afghanistan with varying cumulative incidence of COVID-19 cases. A 28-item KPP survey instrument was adapted from other internationally validated questionnaires related to COVID-19. (3) Results: The survey was conducted among 213 frontline HCWs engaged in screening and treating COVID-19 patients. Survey results indicated that basic awareness of COVID-19 was 100% across all the participants. Knowledge and understanding of COVID-19 transmission, symptoms, incubation period and complications associated with COVID-19 are comprehensive and high (>90%), except available treatment for COVID-19 (84%). HCWs’ perceptions towards the prevention and control of COVID-19 were positive. However, only 63% believed that the use of N-95 face masks and disposable and fluid-resistant gowns (76%) could prevent COVID-19 transmission. This survey showed high knowledge and positive perception (72%), and only 48% of frontline HCWs had shown risk prevention practices. Addressing their perceptions and placing additional focus on practices across all health facilities is recommended as a preparedness measure.
The aim is to give a brief account of how to image the periodontal tissues and to describe in detail the radiological features of periodontal disease. Periodontal examination remains incomplete without accurate radiographs, which play an important role in the assessment of periodontal disease. An overall assessment of periodontal tissues is made on the basis of both the clinical examination and radiographic findings. The radiographic features of healthy and diseased periodontal tissues are discussed.
Aim/Objectives The aim of the study was to estimate the age of onset of illness and to examine the various socio-demographic, biological and clinical variables associated with the age of onset of illness among patients with schizophrenia from the South Indian State of Tamil Nadu. Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional study with data collected from different rural and urban settings in Tamil Nadu, including 947 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia according to DSM IV TR. The age of onset of schizophrenia obtained via patient and informant history, was studied in relation to socio-demographic, biological and clinical variable including gender, family history, consanguinity, birth order, parental age and severity of symptoms collected using semi-structured interview, SANS and SAPS. Results: The study showed a mean age of onset of 25years (SD = 8) in our population. Univariate analysis showed significant relation between age of onset and gender with a preponderance of early onset in men(p=0.017). The results showed no significant association with the other variable under study. The age of onset was seen to have significant negative correlation with the severity of illness (r=-0.75, p=0.021). Discussion and Conclusion: The male preponderance for early onset of schizophrenia, has been supported by prior literary evidences indicating various genetic, social and hormonal underpinnings. However the absence of association between age of onset and family history, consanguinity and its degrees, which are strong genetic determinants, alludes to the influence of other environmental factors on onset of schizophrenia. Despite the known influence of parental age in de novo mutations leading to increased risk of schizophrenia, no observed association with parental age and birth order, only reinforces the need to further explore other direct influencers on the age of onset, as the negative correlation between age of onset and symptom severity seen in the study, suggests that prolonging the age of onset may in-turn have desirable effect on disease outcome.
Introduction: Myocardial ischemia and acute myocardial infarction are important episodes of cardiac ailments.Cardiac biomarkers are a growing area of interest, constantly evolving and presenting potential promises diagnostically to supplement the instrumental techniques.They play a vital role in every stage of sequel of cardiac ailment by contributing to the diagnosis and differentiating the conditions.Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic significance of emerging cardiac biomarkers during myocardial ischemia and infarction (AMI) and to construct a definitive pattern shift of markers in ischemia versus infarction in uncomplicated cases, hence the predictive element. Materials and methods:In this comparative cross-sectional study, three groups i.e. control (n = 33), ischemia (n = 38), and infarction (42) of either sex with an age group of 70 were included.The cardiac parameters, ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), creatine kinase (CK), high sensitive cardiac troponin I (hscTnI), N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NTpro-BNP), myoglobin, and heart type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) analyses were carried out for their sensitivity and specificity.Results: All the parameters in infarction were significantly raised when compared with the control group.In ischemia, the markers NTproBNP, hscTnI, and IMA and in infarction, the NTproBNP, hscTnI, and H-FABP showed more area under the curve. Conclusion:The markers exhibited different pattern shift in ischemia and infarction.The combination of hscTnI, NTproBNP, and IMA would increase the sensitivity in the detection of ischemia.In case of AMI, the H-FABP in the early stages, and NTproBNP, hscTnI, IMA, and CKMB in the later stages of ACS contribute immensely for the diagnosis.
Verrucous carcinoma (VC) is a variant of squamous cell carcinoma. It most commonly affects the oral cavity with buccal mucosa being the most common site affected. Clinically it has proliferative finger-like projections or a cauliflower-like appearance which is a significant factor in its diagnosis. It is more common in tobacco user males. The histopathological diagnosis of VC is difficult and requires immense experience to report a case of VC. Though VC is described as a benign lesion with minimum aggressive potential but long-standing cases have shown transformation into squamous cell carcinoma. Therefore, early diagnosis and surgical excision of the lesion are the most appropriate treatment modality of VC.
Hypercementosis is a non-neoplastic condition in which excessive cementum is deposited in continuation with the normal radicular cementum. Although some cases of hypercementosis are idiopathic, this condition is associated with several local and systemic factors such as supra-eruption of a tooth, inflammation at the apex of a tooth, traumatic occlusion, Paget's disease, etc. Hypercementosis may be isolated, involve multiple teeth, or appear as a generalized process. Posterior teeth are more commonly involved. The radiographic appearance of hypercementosis is an altered shape of the root with maintenance of normal relationship of the shadows of the periodontal membrane and lamina dura. The histologic study of teeth with hypercementosis shows that the cementum formed is usually osteocementum (acellular cementum). The differential diagnosis may include any radiopaque structure that is seen in the vicinity of the root, such as a dense bone island or mature cemento-osseous dysplasia. Patients with hypercementosis require no treatment. Because of a thickened root, occasional problems have been reported during the extraction of an affected tooth. Herein, an interesting case of a mammoth, dumbbell shaped hypercementosis associated with maxillary third molar is reported.
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