Abstract Paired end DNA sequencing provides additional information about the sequence data that is used in sequence assembly, mapping, and other downstream bioinformatics analysis. Paired end reads are usually provided as two fastq-format files, with each file representing one end of the read. Many commonly used downstream tools require that the sequence reads appear in each file in the same order, and reads that do not have a pair in the corresponding file are placed in a separate file of singletons. Although most sequencing instruments capable of generating paired end reads produce files where each read has a corresponding mate, many downstream bioinformatics manipulations break the one-to-one correspondence between reads, and paired-end sequence files loose synchronicity, and contain either unordered sequences or sequences in one or other file without a mate. Trivial solutions to this problem require reading one or both of the DNA sequence files into memory but quickly become limited by computational resources for moderate to large sized sequence files that are common nowadays. Here, we introduce a fast and memory efficient solution, written in C for portability, that synchronizes paired-end fastq files for subsequent analysis and places unmatched reads into singleton files. Fastq-pair is freely available from https://github.com/linsalrob/fastq-pair and is released under the MIT license.
A method is described for the eignevalues of piecewise smooth C 2 extremum-energy curves. Typical interpolants are investigated within the framework of their eigensystems, and conclusions are presented concerning their natural modes of vibration, stability state, and limits of existence. In the present discussion the word “spline” means exclusively an interpolating elastica.
We describe a kindred with a rare autosomal dominant myopathy limited to the limb-girdle muscles, beginning insidiously any time from the late second through the sixth decades and followed by slow progression. Pelvifemoral precedes scapulohumeral weakness, and proximal appendicular involvement antedates limited distal paresis. Expressivity varies and includes an asymptomatic myopathy (preclinical or subclinical) and a nonmanifesting carrier state that extends well into the eighth decade. A variety of nonspecific changes are present in muscle on light, enzyme histochemical, and electron microscopic examination; of these changes, "rimmed" or autophagic vacuoles are the most characteristic. We identified one very similar previously reported genealogy. The similarities between the two unrelated families clearly establish this dystrophic process as a distinct genetic entity; their differences suggest genetic heterogeneity.
Published May 1964. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published September 1968. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
