Progesterone (P4) are aquatic contaminants that can impair fish reproduction even in low concentrations. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of P4 on the sex differentiation, by quantitative determination of transcriptional changes of a candidate target gene (dax1, has a function in the sex determination and gonadal differentiation of several vertebrate species) in Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. We first cloned and characterized the full-length cDNAs for the dax1 in M. anguillicaudatus (designated as Ma-dax1). Sequence analysis reveals that Ma-dax1 shares high homology with dax1 in other species. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and in situ hybridization showed that Ma-dax1 gene was highly conserved during vertebrate evolution and involved in a wide range of developmental processes including embryogenesis, central nervous system development and gonad development. For the P4 administration assay, groups of mature fish were exposed for 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days to nominal concentrations of 10, 100, and 1000 ng/L P4 in a flow-through system. Quantification of Ma-dax1 transcripts revealed the expression of Ma-dax1 mRNA is altered after P4 treatment in mature gonads. Those showed that P4 could influence the sexual development and sex differentiation in M. anguillicaudatus by disturbing sex differentiation-associated gene expression, and dax1 can be used as a sensitive molecular biomarker for early warning to monitor the environmental progestins chemicals in fresh water environment.
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffects of Adsorption and Reaction on the Second Harmonic Generation of Langmuir-Blodgett FilmsXinsheng Zhao, Jianhua Xing, Peng Li, Xiaoming Xie, Xiaohua Xia, Hui Li, Chunhui Huang, Tiankai Li, and Lingge XuCite this: Langmuir 1995, 11, 10, 3620–3622Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00010a004https://doi.org/10.1021/la00010a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views51Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ABSTRACT Quorum sensing systems, particularly autoinducer-2 (AI-2) signaling, have significant effects on bacterial colonization and virulence. However, how they affect intestinal colonization by pathogens and subsequent host immune responses remains unclear. Here, we investigated the influence of AI-2 signaling on the intestinal colonization ability of Aeromonas veronii Z12 and the host’s immune response. We found that AI-2 signaling promoted the colonization of A. veronii to the intestine of loach ( Misgurnus anguillicaudatus ) and caused severe intestinal damage, while D-ribose, an AI-2 signaling inhibitor, effectively inhibited the colonization of A. veronii . Transcriptomic sequencing elucidated the molecular mechanism of this damage, revealing upregulation of p53 pathway genes associated with apoptosis. Furthermore, intestinal microbiota dysbiosis induced by A. veronii colonization was associated with host cell apoptosis, leading to nitrite accumulation, which increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, which activated the p53 pathway, and induction of cell apoptosis. These findings provide insights into the interaction among bacterial quorum sensing, intestinal microbiota, and the host immune response, which highlight potential therapeutic targets for mitigating bacterial-induced intestinal damage. IMPORTANCE The intestinal colonization of pathogens regulated by autoinducer-2 (AI-2) signaling and its induced host response have not been fully characterized. Here, we revealed the effect of AI-2 on intestinal colonization of Aeromonas veronii and its induced cell apoptosis in loach. Our study demonstrated that the deficiency of AI-2 significantly reduced A. veronii colonization in the loach intestine and mitigated the tissue damage. Additionally, A. veronii colonization induced significant upregulation of p53 pathway genes and proteins, indicating a key role of AI-2 signaling in host responses. Understanding these mechanisms not only helps to elucidate the pathogenicity of A. veronii but also may provide broader insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of other pathogens, thus revealing general principles of pathogen–host interactions across different models. Furthermore, we found that A. veronii colonization led to intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, notably an increase in the abundance of Hypomicrobium sp., which was associated with nitrite accumulation, elevating reactive oxygen species levels, activating the p53 pathway, and inducing cell apoptosis. These findings provide important insights into the complex mechanisms of AI-2 signaling in bacterial–host interactions. Additionally, the regulatory role of AI-2 signaling may have potential clinical applications as an intervention strategy, offering new directions for developing treatments against intestinal infections.
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