Purpose A prime objective of the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (SBA; Clean India Mission) is to motivate people to segregate their household waste. The purpose of this study is to assess the ground reality of waste management behaviour of Delhi residents with the help of a modified Value–Belief–Norm (VBN) model. Past researches point the need to include cost as a variable in the VBN model. This study fulfils this need and tests cost as one of the variables on the gathered data. Design/methodology/approach The research data were gathered by interacting with the people and the civic staff in the jurisdiction of the three Delhi municipalities through a stratified sampling technique ( N = 250). The structural equation modelling was used to analyse the collected data. Findings The modified VBN model explains the waste management behaviour, but the variables do not follow the exact causal chain. Values, awareness of consequences, ascription of responsibility and personal norms all explain the resident's waste management behaviour. However, cost limits the resident's waste management behaviour. Research limitations/implications The study could only achieve a moderate model fit; its sample size was small; and data were collected through self-reported questionnaire. Practical implications Three main practical implications of the study are: (1) While designing waste management solutions, due importance must be given to the cost to be borne by people for adopting these solutions. (2) Design such interventions that target residents' values to convince them to make the desired behavioural change. (3) People need be educated about the ways to sort waste and made aware of the importance of waste segregation in eradicating the urban waste mess. Originality/value The paper is an original contribution to testing a modified VBN model in predicting waste management behaviour. The modified model includes cost as a variable missing in the previous research. This research is useful in the backdrop of the SBA and provides suggestions for policymakers and pro-environment researchers.
At the research farm of RPCAU, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar, a field experiment was carried out during the 2017 kharif season to examine the effects of integrated weed control on the profitability and productivity of direct-seeded rice grown in aerobic conditions. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design having ten treatments with three replications. Both hand weeding and herbicidal treatments, out of all the weed control techniques, had noticeable effects on crop development and yield as well as their superiority to the weedy check. Hand weeding at 20, 40 and 60 days after sowing was found significantly superior over all the integrated weed management practices on productivity and profitability of dry direct seeded rice. Pendimethalin @ 1 kg/ha at 0–2 days after sowing, followed by two hand weedings at 20 and 40 days after sowing, outperformed the other herbicidal treatments in the trial for dry direct seeded rice.
Micronutrients play a vital role in metabolism and maintain cellular and tissue function within all the biological systems. Availability of potash, iron, zinc, and sulfur to plants is essential for their yield and quality. Microbial agents are very important sources which make available major micro- and macronutrients to plant. Potassium (K) is among the major macronutrients whose deficiency leads to poor root development, retarded growth, and improper grain filling and lowering of yield. The potassium-solubilizing microorganisms are the most important microorganisms which solubilizes the bound form of K in soil by creating an effective association between soil and plant system along with their advantageous effects on plant growth through suppression of pathogens and improvement in soil nutrients and structure. Mechanism of Fe uptake differs in dicots and monocot plants. In most of the dicots and nongraminaceous monocotyledonous plants, a membrane-bound ferric reductase plays a key role while, in graminaceous monocots, phytosiderophores transports Fe3+ across the plasmalemma of the root cell. The availability of Zn in soil is controlled by adsorption–desorption 256and precipitation dissolution reactions which depends upon pedogenic properties of soils and soil management strategies. Mineralization of organic sulfur compounds and sulfatase enzyme rigorous plants carried out by the formulations available. Bacterial mono-oxygenase enzyme complex is necessary to mobilize sulfonates (dominant organo-S source) in soil. The capacity to mobilize sulfate-esters within soil has observed in a range of bacteria including Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Enterobacter, Serratia, and Comamonas.
The field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Research Farm of Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad (U. P.) during Kharif season of 2 consecutive years 2008 and 2009. Twenty one treatment combinations comprised of three levels of fertility (120: 60:60 kg NPK ha-1, 150: 75: 75 kg NPK ha-1 and 180: 90: 90 kg NPK ha-1) with seven hybrids (SHP-O1, SHP-02, SHP¬03, SHP-04, SHP-05, SHP-06 and NDRH-2) were executed in split plot design keeping fertility levels in main plot with four replications. The soil of experimental plot was silt loam in texture with low in organic carbon and nitrogen, medium in phosphorus and high in potassium. The crop received normal recommended agronomic and plant protection measures. All the growth characters i.e. plant height, number of tillers and dry matter accumulation increased significantly with increases fertility levels at all the growth stages of the crop. Highest plant height, number of tillers and dry matter accumulation were found with fertility levels N180 P90 K90 kg ha-1 witch was at par with N150 P75 K75 kg ha-1 and significant superior over N120 P60 K60 kg ha-1 at all the growth stages of crop. Maximum plant height, number of tillers and dry matter accumulation were recorded with hybrid SHP-04 which was at par with hybrid NDRH-02. At harvest plant height was recorded (133.97 and 135.72 cm), number of tillers (455.14 and 457.00 m¬-2) and dry matter accumulation (1521.18 and 1569.61gm-2) with hybrid SHP-04. Grain yield increased with increase in fertility levels and highest grain yield (65.36 q ha-1 and 67.54 q ha-1) were recorded under highest fertility level of N180 P90 K90 kg ha-1 (Table-I), which showed an increase of 8.9 and 9.9% grain yield over N120 P60 K60 kg ha-1 and remained at par with N150 P75 K75 kg ha-1 during both of the years
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of negative pressure wound therapy in traumatic injuries, post operative wound dehiscence and pressure sores. Negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is believed to accelerate wound healing by increasing blood flow, promoting angiogenesis, suction removal of matrix metalloproteinases. In our study we have used cost effective material as an alternative to the more expensive commercial NPWT in the management of complex wounds. Material and Methods: This study is a prospective evaluation of NPWT in 70 patients with traumatic injuries, post operative wound dehiscence and pressure sores. In our study we have used low cost indigenous NPWT set for wound therapy. Dressing was changed for every 4 days till the desired granulations tissue is formed for skin cover.Results: Of the 70 patients treated with indigenous NPWT, 42 (60 %) patients achieved direct closure and 28 patients (40%) required split thickness skin grafting. Conclusion: Our study showed low cost indigenous NPWT system producing comparable results at meagre cost to commercially available NPWT. NPWT has now become an established method of wound management. Low cost Indigenous NPWT can be revolutionary in wound management urban as well as in rural areas of our country.
Sugarcane, a commercial crop, is the second-largest agro-based industry in India, producing nearly 25% of global production. India is the second-largest country producing sugarcane after Brazil, and its production is crucial to the country's economy. Sugarcane cultivation in India is divided into tropical and sub-tropical regions, with the sub-tropical region contributing 47% of the country's production. Uttar Pradesh is the largest producer, providing employment opportunities. However, input prices increase, and farmers face challenges such as inadequate quantity and delayed payment from sugar mills. Thus, this study aims to study the economics of sugarcane production in the study area. The study uses secondary sources of data from various sources, including the District Statistical Handbook, Census of India, and various journals. It uses percentage methods and pictorial diagrams to show trends in sugarcane cultivation. The Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) method is used to measure sugarcane production growth from 2002-03 to 2021-22. The study reveals fluctuations in sugarcane production, area, and productivity in the Meerut district over the last 20 years. However, the area under sugarcane shows an increasing trend, with little change in the state and Meerut. Sugarcane is a crucial cash crop and politically sensitive, so small steps in favour of farmers lead to larger changes in cropping patterns. The cost of cultivation and harvesting has increased alarmingly due to labour shortages and unpredictable monsoons. The government can play a vital role by providing weather forecasting and strong policies for crop procurement to stabilize production and price
Present investigation was carried out with 240 mutant lines developed from different combination of gamma rays and ethyl methyl sulfonate on three rice varieties i.e FR13A, FR13B and Labella along with three untreated checks (FR13A, FR13B and Labella). These were evaluated for their survival percentage under submerged condition and yield potential along with 9 other morpho-physiological traits using Type 2 modified augmented design during Kharif season of 2017 in the agroclimatic region of north bihar, India. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the mutant lines for all morpho-physiological characters under study. Higher magnitude of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), heritability (broad sense) and genetic advance as percentage of mean were observed for number of tillers per plant, number of fertile tillers per plant, relative shoot elongation and survival percentage, indicating that these traits could be used as selection indices for yield improvement and submergence tolerance. Association study revealed that number of tillers per plant and survival percentage had significant positive high to moderate direct association with grain yield per plant under submergence condition. Thus, these traits may be used as selection criteria in further crop improvement programmes for submergence tolerance.
The aspiration of an ideal social structure includes the ambition of construction of a society that does not discriminate on the basis of gender. The development of feminist thought is an endeavor for evolutionary changes within the prevailing patriarchal society. This article exemplifies the development and changes in the feminist movement due to internal pressures, external politics, and ideological changes, by highlighting the oppression of women and the movement's chief accomplishments, and strives to explain this evolution from the standpoint of two alternative justifications, an adaptationist and by-product influence. It elucidates underlying aspects of the movement and the prerequisites for it to flourish and become a multifaceted, global phenomenon.
K. R. Shyam Sunder (Ed.), Contemporary Reforms of Labour Market and Industrial Relations Systems in India: Ease of Doing Business versus Labour Rights: In Honour of Prof. Lalit Deshpande (New Delhi: Academic Foundation, 2018), 380 pp. US$79.95, ISBN 9789332704527 (Hardback).
A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Institute Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during kharif 2014 to study the “Water management for different systems of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation in puddled soils”. The treatments comprises of three systems of cultivations (direct seeding with drum seeder, transplanting with machine and conventional transplanting) as main treatments and four irrigation regimes (irrigation of 5 cm, when water level falls below 5 cm from soil surface in field water tube, irrigation of 5 cm, when water level falls below 10 cm from soil surface in field water tube, irrigation of 5 cm at 3 days after disappearance of ponded water and recommended submergence of 2-5 cm water level as per crop stage). Machine transplanting recorded significantly higher grain and straw (6088 and 6954 kg ha-1, respectively) yields over drum seeding method (5308 and 6295 kg ha-1, respectively) and was on par with conventional transplanting method (5926 and 6886 kg ha-1, respectively). Significantly higher water use efficiency (4.7 kg mm-1) was recorded with machine transplanting compared to drum seeding (4.0 kg mm-1) and was on par with conventional transplanting (4.5 kg mm-1). Among different irrigation regimes Recommended submergence of 2-5 cm water level (I4) recorded significantly higher grain and straw yield (6148 and 7039 kg ha-1, respectively) and was on par with irrigation of 5 cm when water falls below 5 cm from soil surface in field water tube (I2) (5751 and 6872 kg ha-1, respectively). There was saving of water to the extent of 28.5 (1271.7 mm), 40.4 per cent (1085.0 mm) and 36.5 (1154.7mm), by I1, I2 and I3 respectively compared to recommended practice of irrigation (1819.7mm), though there was reduction of grain yield by 5.4, 12.5 and 6.5 per cent, under I1, I2 and I3 respectively.
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