Evolutionary game theory has good applicability in the study of law-based government in China. This paper mainly analyzes and studies the frame of the evolutionary game process from two dimensionality of complexity: horizontal process and vertical process. Two evolutionary game modes—horizontal spiral-promotion evolution mode and vertical interactive evolution game mode are discussed in order to prove "Endogenous evolution" rule of law can solve the "power paradox" of government. In the end the evolutionary game path of law-based government in China is put forward
Objective
To explore the status of social support and its relationship with depression in elderly university students.
Methods
159 students aged 55 to 79 years of Nanning elderly university were selected using cluster sampling methods. They were surveyed by Social Support Rating Scale and Geriatric Depression Scale.
Results
①The total score of social support(40.92±7.63) was higher than that of the national norm(34.56±3.73 )(t=10.515, P<0.01), and score of social support, subjective support, utilization of support were higher than those of the elderly in Beijing Xicheng district community that was mental health guidance demonstration area in national community (t=2.064, 2.017, 9.222; P<0.05). ②Social support score and each dimension score of having a spouse group were higher than those of no spouse group (t=5.78, 4.956, 4.918, 3.175; P<0.01). ③The positive rate of depression in the sample group was 26.8%. Social support score, objective support score, subjective support score of depression in positive group(37.43±7.41, 21.43±4.93, 7.67±2.37) were lower than those of negative group(42.17±7.35, 24.43±4.22, 8.78±2.83, t=3.585, 2.277, 3.776; P<0.05). ④Social support, objective support, subjective support and depression were negatively correlated (r=-0.296, -0.194, -0.307; P<0.01).
Conclusion
Elderly university student's overall level of social support are higher, and social support is negatively correlated with depressive symptoms.
Key words:
Elderly university students; Social support; Depression
The influence of aridification and climatic oscillations on the genetic diversity and evolutionary processes of organisms during the Quaternary in northwestern China is examined using Haloxylon ammodendron.Based on the variation of two cpDNA regions (trnS-trnG and trnV) and one nDNA sequence (ITS1-ITS4) in 420 individuals from 36 populations, the spatial genetic structure and demographic history of H.ammodendron in arid China is examined.Median-joining network and Bayesian inference trees (BEAST) enabled the identification of three diverged lineages within H.ammodendron from 24 different haplotypes and 16 ribotypes, distributed across western (Xinjiang), eastern (Gansu and Inner Mongolia) and southern (Qinghai) regions.Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) demonstrated that more than 80% of observed genetic variation related to lineage split was based on cpDNA and nDNA variation.Allopatric divergence among the three groups was mainly triggered by geographical isolation due to Xingxingxia rock and uplift of the Qilian Mountains during the Quaternary.Local adaptive differentiation among western, eastern and southern groups occurred due to gene flow obstruction resulting from arid landscape fragmentation accompanied by local environmental heterogeneity of different geographical populations.The southern margin of the Junggar Basin and the Tengger Desert possibly served as two independent glacial refugia for H.ammodendron.The distribution of genetic variation, coupled with Species Distribution Modeling (SDM) and Least-Cost Path (LCP) results, indicated that H.ammodendron probably moved northward along the Junggar Basin and westward along Tengger Desert at the end of the last glacial maximum; postglacial re-colonization was
The influence of aridification and climatic oscillations on the genetic diversity and evolutionary processes of organisms during the Quaternary in northwestern China is examined using Haloxylon ammodendron.Based on the variation of two cpDNA regions (trnS-trnG and trnV) and one nDNA sequence (ITS1-ITS4) in 420 individuals from 36 populations, the spatial genetic structure and demographic history of H.ammodendron in arid China is examined.Median-joining network and Bayesian inference trees (BEAST) enabled the identification of three diverged lineages within H.ammodendron from 24 different haplotypes and 16 ribotypes, distributed across western (Xinjiang), eastern (Gansu and Inner Mongolia) and southern (Qinghai) regions.Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) demonstrated that more than 80% of observed genetic variation related to lineage split was based on cpDNA and nDNA variation.Allopatric divergence among the three groups was mainly triggered by geographical isolation due to Xingxingxia rock and uplift of the Qilian Mountains during the Quaternary.Local adaptive differentiation among western, eastern and southern groups occurred due to gene flow obstruction resulting from arid landscape fragmentation accompanied by local environmental heterogeneity of different geographical populations.The southern margin of the Junggar Basin and the Tengger Desert possibly served as two independent glacial refugia for H.ammodendron.The distribution of genetic variation, coupled with Species Distribution Modeling (SDM) and Least-Cost Path (LCP) results, indicated that H.ammodendron probably moved northward along the Junggar Basin and westward along Tengger Desert at the end of the last glacial maximum; postglacial re-colonization was
The influence of aridification and climatic oscillations on the genetic diversity and evolutionary processes of organisms during the Quaternary in northwestern China is examined using Haloxylon ammodendron.Based on the variation of two cpDNA regions (trnS-trnG and trnV) and one nDNA sequence (ITS1-ITS4) in 420 individuals from 36 populations, the spatial genetic structure and demographic history of H.ammodendron in arid China is examined.Median-joining network and Bayesian inference trees (BEAST) enabled the identification of three diverged lineages within H.ammodendron from 24 different haplotypes and 16 ribotypes, distributed across western (Xinjiang), eastern (Gansu and Inner Mongolia) and southern (Qinghai) regions.Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) demonstrated that more than 80% of observed genetic variation related to lineage split was based on cpDNA and nDNA variation.Allopatric divergence among the three groups was mainly triggered by geographical isolation due to Xingxingxia rock and uplift of the Qilian Mountains during the Quaternary.Local adaptive differentiation among western, eastern and southern groups occurred due to gene flow obstruction resulting from arid landscape fragmentation accompanied by local environmental heterogeneity of different geographical populations.The southern margin of the Junggar Basin and the Tengger Desert possibly served as two independent glacial refugia for H.ammodendron.The distribution of genetic variation, coupled with Species Distribution Modeling (SDM) and Least-Cost Path (LCP) results, indicated that H.ammodendron probably moved northward along the Junggar Basin and westward along Tengger Desert at the end of the last glacial maximum; postglacial re-colonization was
The prototype theory,as one of the major branches of cognitive linguistics,takes a very important role in linguistic fields.On the basis of previous studies carried out,this article is to develop a comparatively more systematic discussion on the application of the prototype theory to the field of lexical teaching from the aspects of the relativity of prototype,the importance of basic category words,their functions in word-formation,the family iconicity,the vagueness of boundaries,and posteriority of attributes in order to promote the mutual development of both linguistic theories and their application.
<p>This supporting material contains the geochemical data of Permian mafic intrusions along the Irtysh Shear Zone in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, including zircon U-Pb age in Table S1, zircon oxygen isotopic compositions in Table S2, zircon Lu–Hf isotopic compositions in Table S3, the compositions of olivine in Table S4, the compositions of clinopyroxene in Table S5, the compositions of hornblende in Table S6, whole-rock trace element compositions in Table S7, and whole-rock boron elemental and isotopic compositions in Table S8.</p>
Noninvasive, sensitive, and specific tools for early identification of chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are needed for clinical practice. The aim was to identify new noninvasive test combinations for characterization of IBD in children and adolescents by comparing serological responses to microbial antigens and fecal calprotectin, a new promising marker for intestinal inflammation.Our study included 73 children who underwent endoscopies because of suspicion of IBD. Their sera were tested for antibodies to the Pseudomonas fluorescens-associated sequence I2, a Bacteroides caccae TonB-linked outer membrane protein, OmpW, and anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ASCA). Simultaneously, samples for fecal calprotectin measurements were obtained from 55 subjects.IBD was diagnosed in 60 patients (Crohn's disease [CD] in 18 patients, ulcerative colitis [UC] in 36, and indeterminate colitis [IC] in 6). Thirteen children had a non-IBD disease. Fecal calprotectin levels were elevated (>or=100 microg/g) more frequently in IBD patients (89%, 39/44) compared to non-IBD cases (9%, 1/11, P < 0.001). ASCA antibodies in sera were detected in 67% (12/18) of patients with CD, in 14% (5/36) of the children with UC, and in 50% (3/6) of patients with IC. Seroreactivity for I2 was observed in 42% of the IBD patients, this frequency being higher than in non-IBD cases (7.7% seropositive; P = 0.025). Serum anti-I2 IgA levels (median absorbances) were higher in those with IBD compared to those without gut inflammation (P = 0.039). The combination of the measurements of fecal calprotectin and serological responses to microbial antigens (ASCA, I2, and OmpW) identified 100% of CD patients (sensitivity 100%, specificity 36%, positive predictive value [PPV] 66%, negative predictive value [NPV] 100%) and 89% of UC patients (sensitivity 89%, specificity 36%, PPV 77%, NPV 57%).Increased levels of serological responses to microbial antigens (ASCA, I2, and OmpW) and fecal calprotectin are evident in both CD and UC patients. The combination of these markers provides valuable, noninvasive tools for the diagnosis of IBD.
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