Background: An experiment entitled “Characterization of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) genotypes based on morpho-economic traits’’ was conducted during the year 2021-2022 at the Cashew Research Station (CRS), Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha. Fifteen cashew genotypes planted during the year 2014 were evaluated for various morpho-economic traits. Methods: The experiment was laid out following the statistical design RBD (Randomized block design) with two replications. All the standard package of practices were adopted throughout the evaluation period. Evaluation of fifteen cashew genotypes for various morpho-economic traits revealed significant variations within the genotypes. Result: Estimation of variability revealed that high GCV, PCV, heritability, genetic advance and genetic advance (as % mean) were recorded in traits viz. shelling %, nut yield, kernel weight, nuts m-2 and mean annual nut yield. Flowering laterals m-2, nuts panicle-1, nuts m-2 and kernel weight recorded significant positive correlation with nut yield plant-1 both at genotypic and phenotypic level. Nut weight (1.846) had the highest positive direct effect on nut yield at phenotypic level followed by shelling % (0.837) and nut m-2 (0.486). Evaluation of genotypes for nut yield and yield attributing traits revealed that, genotype, RP-2 recorded the highest number of nuts panicle-1 (10.50), nuts m-2 (61.43) and shelling% (32.55). Significantly highest apple weight (75.0 g) was recorded in genotype VTH-711/4. Number of total laterals m-2 (26.99), number of flowering laterals m-2 (24.18), duration of flowering (60.5), mean annual nut yield plant-1 (12.33 kg) and cumulative nut yield plant-1 (40.73 kg) were recorded maximum in genotype, C2-6. The genotype C2-6 recorded (13.70%) higher yield than the check genotype BPP-8 (10.64 kg plant-1) at 6th harvest.
Maize is the main staple food of the world but it is nutritional deficient due to the scarcity of two essential amino acids viz., lysine and tryptophan. Under this study, opaque2 gene from QPM donor (CML-169) was transferred into normal maize (BAJIM-08-26) through marker aided backcross breeding method. The opaque2 specific SSR marker (phi057) was used for foreground selection in BC1F1 and BC2F1 generations. The heterozygous offspring were self-pollinated to produce the BC2F2 generation. Further plants on the basis of 25% opaqueness were selected and selfed to develop BC2F3 and BC2F4 progenies. The background selection using a series of SSR markers showed 97% recovery in the recurrent parent genome of backcrossed generation. Tryptophan content and total protein in the endosperm of BC2F4 progenies were found to be ranged from 0.75 to 0.93% and 7.0 to 9.6 %, respectively. As an outcome, three promising MAS derived QPM lines viz., B76-22-2, B70-5-8 and B42-3-1 were developed that showed a high percentage of tryptophan, grain yield and recovery of recurrent parent genome. The worldwide problem of protein malnutrition could be improved by adopting a molecular breeding approach for the development of nutritionally rich maize over the normal maize. Keywords: Marker assisted backcrossing, opaque2, tryptophan content, SSR markers, QPM lines and normal Maize
Total body irradiation with volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) is new and advanced method of dose delivery. In this paper EPIQAis used for the quality assurance of the machine specific and pre-treatment patient specific QA. EPIQAis a program which converts a dosimetric image acquired by an electronic portal imaging devices (EPID) into absorbed dose map and allows comparison of the dose map with reference dose distribution. The aim of the present study is to present the application of EPIQA to machine specific and pre-treatment RapidArc patient specific QAs.QAs were performed repeatedly to check the stability and reproducibility of LINAC performance. It also helps to ensure the accuracy and quality of the TBI delivery to the patients. For all the QAprocedures raw images were obtained by positioning EPID source to imager distance (SID) of 100 cm. The experimental results indicates that, a Quality Assurance program can reliably incorporate EPIQA as an instrument for LINAC QAs including both static as well as intensity modulated fields (IMRT, RapidArc).
Gastric cancer (GC), the fifth most prevalent and second most deadly cancer globally, is significantly influenced by both genetic mutations and lifestyle factors, including Heliobacter pylori infection. Recent research highlights the critical role of serine proteases, proteolytic enzymes known for their involvement in various biological processes, in the pathophysiology of GC. This chapter focuses on how serine proteases contribute to GC through their impact on the MAPK signaling pathway and inflammatory responses, crucial for cancer initiation, progression, and malignancy. By exploring the interaction between serine proteases and GC, we aim to deepen understanding of the disease and identify new therapeutic targets. The involvement of serine proteases in GC underscores their potential as key factors in developing effective treatment strategies, marking a significant step forward in the fight against this complex disease.
Genetic diversity underlies the improvement of crops by plant breeding. Land races of rice (Oryza sativa L.) can contain some valuable alleles not common in modern germplasm. The aim here was to measure genetic diversity and its effect on nutritive and grain quality traits among rice land-race genotypes grown in Tamil nadu and Kerala. The experimental material consists of six high yielding ruling rice varieties viz., IR 72, ADT 43, ADT 45, ASD 16, TPS 4 and ADT 39 were utilized as female parent. Four nutritive and medicinal landraces in rice consumed by the people in different parts of Tamil Nadu and Kerala viz., Veeradangan, Kavuni, Kathanellu and Navara were collected and used as male parents. In molecular marker diversity analysis using SSR markers, the similarity indices for all the pair wise combinations among the 10 parents were computed. The similarity index was highest (0.93) between ADT 39 and ADT 43 along with TPS 4 and IR 72. The least similarity index (0.37) was observed between Kavuni and Veeradangan. On the basis of cluster analysis the 10 parents were grouped in to 5 clusters at 71 per cent similarity levels. Cluster 1 was constituted by Navara, Kathanellu, ADT 39 and ADT 43. Cluster 2 was constituted by IR 72, ASD 16 and TPS 4. Cluster 3, cluster 4 and cluster 5 consisted of single genotype viz., Veeradangan, ADT 45 and Kavuni respectively. It inferred that landraces have diverse genetic bases and can be utilized in future breeding programs. The results showed the potential of SSR markers for genetic diversity assessment.
Protease inhibitors confer resistance in plants against insect pests by inhibiting larval gut proteases. Cultivars of Dolichos biflorus were screened for their inhibitory activity against midgut proteases of Pieris brassicae larvae. Seed extracts of developing and germinating seeds of HPK4 cultivar inhibited larval gut proteases of Spodoptera littoralis efficiently. Neonate larvae of P. brassicae fed on cabbage leaf discs coated with 0.025-2.50 mg protein (seed extract) resulted in 10-80% larval mortality and significantly reduced leaf area eaten and faecal matter as compared to control. The treated larvae had 40% less soluble proteins per mg faecal matter and there was similar decline in midgut proteases of treated larvae (@ 2.5 mg protein) compared to untreated ones after 5 days. The LC50 and LT50 value was calculated to be 1.05 mg/leaf disc and 4.8 days (2.5 mg protein), respectively for neonate larvae of P. brassicae. Significant reduction in egg hatching (75%) was observed in egg mass treated with 5.3 mg of crude inhibitor protein of mature seeds. This could be due to the inhibition of proteases involved in the hydrolysis of egg chorion proteins. The studies demonstrated the insecticidal activity of D. biflorus seed extracts.
It is granulocytic sarcoma with extramedullary myeloid involvement 1 . Mass lesions constitute 37% of all childhood orbital disorders. 4% of all mass lesions are of Lymphoreticular origin. Granulocytic sarcoma is an interesting form of myelogenous leukemia with predilection for forming tumour masses in the orbit. The mass lesion represents a tumour of leukemic cells. This tumour may manifest as much as 8 months before any haematologic signs appear. Prognosis with granulocytic sarcoma is related to the course of underlying disease. Poorer prognosis was related to transformation of myeloproliferative state to frank AML. Survival has been reported to range from 1 to 30 months after onset of ocular signs.
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