Objective To detect the cell membrane and cell plasma antigens by flow cytometry and(evaluate) the role of these antigens in acute leukemia(AL) immunophenotyping.Methods The bone marrow or blood in 290 cases of patients with AL were tested by three color direct immunofluorescence staining to determine the immunophenotype by flow cytometry. Results The positive expression rate of CD_(13) and CD_(33) found in acute myelogenous leukemia(AML)-M_1,AML-M_2,AML-M_3,AML-M_5 was 89.6% and 77.6% and myeloperoxidase(MPO) expressions were 99.25% in 134 cases with AML.In 125 B-ALL patients, the positive rate in CyCD_(79a) was 97.6%,CD_(19) 84%,CD_(22) 84%,CD_(10) 68.8%.In 31 T-ALL patients,the positive rate in CyCD_3 was 96.8%;CD_2 71%;CD_3 80.6%;CD_5 87.1%;CD_7 83.9%.The positive expression rate of CD_(34) was 47% and 62.8% in 134 cases with AML and 156 cases with ALL.Conclusion Detection of membrane antigens and cytoplasmic antigens by flow cytometry will benefit the classification of acute leukemia.
Pulse radiolysis experiments were conducted on the probe molecule, pyrene, in acetonitrile, acetone, cyclohexane, ethanol and mixed solutions containing ammonium ionic liquid with different volume.The formation of pyrene radical anion (Py·-) was observed at 490nm and the rate constants of the Py·-formation were determined in the ethanol solution and in the mixture solution with different ionic liquid volume fractions, respectively.Moreover, the rate constants are changed greatly with increasing of the ILs concentration in the mixture solutions.The results can be assumed that the dry electrons produce in very short time scales after electron pulse and the solvated electrons can react with pyrene to generate its radical anion in nanosecond time scale.
ABSTRACT The permeability evolution of natural fractures during shearing is one of the critical issues in enhanced geothermal system (EGS). In this study, a series of numerical simulations of shear-flow tests under different normal stresses were carried out to investigate the permeability evolution and shear behavior of a natural fracture during shearing. All numerical simulations in this study were implemented based on a coupled hydro-mechanical pore network model (PNM) of fluid flow in discrete element method (DEM). Fluid grids in the simulations are continuously refreshed as the shear progresses. The results indicate that the fracture permeability positively correlates with the shear displacement when the normal stress is relatively large. The essence of permeability evolution is the variation of the local aperture distribution. Greater fracture roughness makes it easier to form high-permeability pathways. Besides, high normal stress amplifies the effect of fracture roughness on permeability evolution. These findings can contribute to a better understanding of the hydraulic-mechanical coupling effects in the fracture shearing process of EGS. INTRODUCTION Enhanced geothermal system (EGS), as a key technology for the extraction and utilization of geothermal energy from high-temperature rock masses in deep formations, has become a research and development hotspot in the field of earth energy and renewable energy (Huang et al., 2018). Many studies have shown that fluid injection in EGS may lead to induced seismicity (Hanano, 2004; Zang et al., 2014; Gaucher et al., 2015; Kim et al., 2018). EGS utilizes fluid to create a new fracture network in hot dry rock or to further expand the original natural fracture network, thereby creating a large number of fluid flow channels. This process involves a series of complex fluid-solid coupling effects and may cause shear slips of fractures or faults (Ishibashi et al., 2018). Fracture shear slip is often accompanied by the evolution of fracture permeability, and the evolution process of fracture permeability can reflect the frictional stability of fractures to a certain extent (Wu et al., 2017). It can be seen that the study of the permeability evolution process and its influence factors in the shearing process of natural fractures is of great significance for evaluating the safety and stability of EGS.
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is emerging as a versatile biomarker for noninvasive genotyping and response monitoring in specific B-cell lymphomas; however, few studies have been conducted to explore ctDNA-based mutation profiling across non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) and genomic changes after initiation of chemotherapy.A targeted sequencing of 362 genes was performed to detect the mutation profiles in paired blood and tissue samples from 42 NHL patients. Genomic alterations were explored in 11 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients using paired blood samples collected pre- and post-R-CHOP chemotherapy.The frequencies of PIM1, MYD88, MYC, ZNF292, JAK, and MAF mutations were higher in aggressive than in indolent B-cell lymphoma and NK/T subtypes. Tumor mutation burden in blood samples was higher in aggressive than in indolent B-cell lymphomas and higher in patients who progressed than in those who responded to treatments. Our data also revealed significant enhance of concordance index through integrating mutated genes that were significantly associated with prognosis into International Prognostic Index-based prognostic model. Moreover, acquisition of mutations such as PCLO_p.L1220Tfs*3 was associated with resistance to R-CHOP in DLBCL patients.Our findings illustrated distinct mutation patterns across various NHL subtypes and suggested the association of genomic alterations in ctDNA with treatment outcomes.
To investigated the relationship between CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) and prognosis in adults with acute leukemia.Bone marrow samples from 53 acute myeloid leukemia and 50 acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients were collected. The methylation status of 18 tumor suppressor genes was determined using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction.Greater than 30% of acute leukemia patients had methylated p15, p16, CDH1, CDH13, RUNX3, sFRP1, ID4, and DLC-1 genes; methylation of ≥4 were defined as CIMP positive. Age, type of leukemia, white blood cell count, and CIMP status were significantly associated with recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) (P < 0.05). CIMP status was an independent prognostic factor for OS (hazard ratio: 2.07, 95% confidence interval: 1.03-4.15, P = 0.040). CIMP-negative patients had significantly improved RFS and OS (P < 0.05). p16 and DLC1 methylation was significantly associated with RFS and OS (P < 0.05).CIMP may serve as an independent risk factor for evaluating the prognosis of patients with acute leukemia.
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