1601 Objectives: : The sensitivity of FDG PET in the detection of HCC is known to be low (approximately 50%). Although the exact reasons for the low sensitivity are unclear, low expression of GLUT-1 (glucose transporter -1) and high expression of glucose-6-phosphatase have been reported as main mechanisms of low FDG uptake. This study was undertaken to correlate the expression of HK II with FDG uptake in HCC. Methods: There were 26 patients (F: M = 9: 17, mean age 56) who were operated for the initial management of HCC and all were undergone FDG PET for staging before the operation. In each tumor, the degree of FDG uptake were quantitatively analyzed by maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) placing a region of interest (ROI) over the tumor area. Tumor tissue sections of 26 untreated HCCs were obtained and immunohistochemistry was performed using antibody to HKs II. The intensity of staining and the percentage of positive tumor area were evaluated blind to the PET findings. The intensity was scaled on a scale of 0-3: 0 with no, 1 with mild, 2 with moderate, and 3 with intense staining. The index of overall HK II expression was defined as a product of intensity of staining and positive tumor area. A cutoff index for HK expression was set to 3. Each HCC was histologically classified according to Edmonson and Steiner as grade I, II, II and IV. Grade I and II were grouped as low grade and grade III and IV as high grade. Results: Twelve patients showed low expression (3 or less) and 14 patients showed high expression (more than 3). In the low expression group, the mean SUVmax±SD was 2.5±1 which was significantly lower than that (4.4±2.8) of the high expression group. The index of overall HK II expression was correlated with tumor grade and no statistically significant correlation was found between the two parameters. HK expression was also correlated with size of the tumor. The mean tumor size±SD of the low expression group was 4±2.7 which appears to be smaller than that (5.9±3.1) of the high expression group without a statistical significance. However, the tumor grade and size as an individual factor were significantly correlated with SUVmax of the tumor. Conclusions: Increased expression of HK II, histological grade, and tumor size seem to be important factors contributing to the degree of FDG uptake. There was no correlation between HK expression in HCC and size or grade of tumors.
This study aims to analyze the screening results and epidemiological characteristics of prostate cancer (PCa) among elderly males in the rural areas of Songjiang, Shanghai City, through the implementation of a preliminary prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening based on a community-linkage model, and to explore an effective screening approach. A retrospective observational study design was employed to collect data from residents who underwent PSA screening at Songjiang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, in collaboration with multiple community health service centers in Songjiang District, Shanghai City, between June 2022 and June 2024, through free clinics and annual health examinations. Prostate biopsy was recommended for individuals with total PSA (tPSA) levels >10 ng/ml and those with 4 ng/ml≤tPSA≤10 ng/ml and abnormal free-to-total PSA (f/tPSA) ratios. Clinical characteristics of detected PCa patients were analyzed. Follow-up was conducted through phone calls and home visits by family doctors, coupled with enhanced health education. The results indicated that a total of 17 198 residents participated in the screening, among which 2 234 (12.99%) had tPSA levels between 4 ng/ml and 10 ng/ml, and 257 (1.49%) had tPSA levels >10 ng/ml. Ultimately, 417 residents underwent prostate biopsy, with 171 being diagnosed with PCa, yielding a positive biopsy rate of 41.00% and a PCa detection rate of 0.99%. The predominant pathological subtype among PCa patients was adenocarcinoma (168 cases, 98.24%). Of the 146 PCa patients who received treatment, the majority were classified as intermediate or high-risk (124 cases, 84.93%). Furthermore, with the optimization of the screening model, there was a significant increase in the proportion of subsequent outpatient visits. In conclusion, the community-linkage-based PSA screening model demonstrated high effectiveness in screening for PCa among elderly males in the rural areas of Songjiang, Shanghai City. Epidemiological findings revealed that PCa patients in this region are primarily composed of intermediate and high-risk groups, highlighting the need for intensified early screening and health education.
To profile the liver cancer specific long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks of Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatocarcinogensis (HCG) and to examine the effect of compound K on the expression of identified ceRNA networks.Based on lncRNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) microarray data of HBV-associated liver cancer, the current study profiles the cancer specific lncRNAs and ceRNA networks of HBV-associated HCG through comprehensive application of RegRNA 2, miRTarBase and Pearson correlation coefficient analysis. Compound K-treated liver cancer cells were harvested for analysis of transcriptional levels of both enoyl-CoA hydratase and 3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase (EHHADH)-AS1 and ENTPD5.The results revealed that 11 Encyclopedia of DNA Elements annotated lncRNAs were differentially expressed in the process of HBV-associated HCG. Among these lncRNAs, 95 potential ceRNA networks with highly positively correlated expression profiles between the interacting lncRNAs and mRNAs (Pearson correlation coefficient > 0.7) were constructed. Of note, two HBV-associated ceRNA networks, EHHADH-AS1-hsa-miR-4459-ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 5 and LINC01018-hsa-miRNA-574-5p-glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit, with Pearson correlation coefficient > 0.9, may play a critical role in hepatocellular carcinoma development, which was supported by experimental evidence. Interestingly, compound K, an intestinal bacterial metabolite of ginseng protopanaxadiol saponin, which has been proven to promote apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, was found to impede the down-regulation of EHHADH-AS1 in several liver cancer cell lines including HepG3B, Huh-7 and plc/prf/5 cells.Comprehensive application of co-expression network analysis and prediction of RNA interaction may be a feasible strategy to unravel the potential ceRNA networks involved in the process of human diseases.
Neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor (NTRK)-rearranged uterine sarcoma is a rare type of uterine sarcoma. This paper presents a case of a 49-year-old female who was admitted to the hospital due to lower abdominal pain and subsequently diagnosed with tropomyosin 3 (TPM3)::NTRK1-rearranged uterine sarcoma. To our knowledge, TPM3::NTRK1-rearranged sarcomas almost always occur in the cervix, and this is a novel case of uterine corpus occurrence. The patient received chemotherapy and radiotherapy after surgery. No recurrence or metastasis was observed after 9 months of treatment. Moreover, all reported clinicopathological features, treatment methods, and prognoses of NTRK-rearranged uterine sarcoma patients are reviewed herein.
Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a wide range of natural language processing and reasoning tasks. However, their performance in the foundational domain of arithmetic remains unsatisfactory. When dealing with arithmetic tasks, LLMs often memorize specific examples rather than learning the underlying computational logic, limiting their ability to generalize to new problems. In this paper, we propose a Composable Arithmetic Execution Framework (CAEF) that enables LLMs to learn to execute step-by-step computations by emulating Turing Machines, thereby gaining a genuine understanding of computational logic. Moreover, the proposed framework is highly scalable, allowing composing learned operators to significantly reduce the difficulty of learning complex operators. In our evaluation, CAEF achieves nearly 100% accuracy across seven common mathematical operations on the LLaMA 3.1-8B model, effectively supporting computations involving operands with up to 100 digits, a level where GPT-4o falls short noticeably in some settings.
Objective To study the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in laryngeal squamous carcinoma and its significance.Methods 60 patients with laryngeal squamous carcinoma and 30 patients with polyp of vocal cord were selected in a randomized study. The immunohistochemical method was applied for detecting the expression of VEGF antigen in laryngeal squamous carcinoma and in polyp of vocal cord.Results The expression of VEGF was higher in laryngeal squamous carcinoma than that of in polyp of vocal cord( P 0.05). VEGF expression was associated with histological grade of differentiation and with lymph node metastasis ( P 0.05), but not with site, age, sex, T stage, etc..Conclusion VEGF is related with tumor histological grade and lymph node metastasis in laryngeal squamous carcinoma. It can be served as a prognostic factor for the patients.
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