Journal Article Biodegradation of kraft lignin by a newly isolated anaerobic bacterial strain, Acetoanaerobium sp. WJDL‐Y2 Get access J. Duan, J. Duan Department of Environmental Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar X. Huo, X. Huo Department of Environmental Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W.J. Du, W.J. Du Department of Environmental Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.D. Liang, J.D. Liang Department of Environmental Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an ChinaState Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Science Lanzhou China Correspondence Jidong Liang, Department of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China E‐mail: jidongl@mail.xjtu.edu.cn Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.Q. Wang, D.Q. Wang State Key Laboratory Base of Eco‐Hydraulic Engineering in Arid Area Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.C. Yang S.C. Yang Department of Environmental Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Letters in Applied Microbiology, Volume 62, Issue 1, 1 January 2016, Pages 55–62, https://doi.org/10.1111/lam.12508 Published: 01 January 2016 Article history Received: 20 July 2015 Revision received: 21 September 2015 Accepted: 05 October 2015 Published: 01 January 2016
This is a meta-analysis of controlled trials.To assess the overall condition of adjacent segment of cervical disk arthroplasty (CDA) compared with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).With the increase in CDA and ACDF, surgeons are taking more attention to adjacent segment degeneration (ASDeg) and adjacent segment disease (ASDis). There are more and more meta-analyses comparing the efficacy of CDA with ACDF, however, there are few meta-analyses referring to adjacent segment parameters, and investigators are still unable to arrive at the same conclusion.Several important databases were searched for controlled trials comparing CDA and ACDF before February 2016 according to PRISMA guidelines. The analysis parameters included follow-up time, operative segments, cervical range of motion (ROM), adjacent segment motion, ASDeg, ASDis and adjacent segment reoperation. The risk of bias scale and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale were used to assess the papers. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were used to analyze the reason for high heterogeneity.Forty-one controlled trials fulfilled the inclusion criteria, including 36 English papers and 5 Chinese. The average follow-up time of all included patients was 39 months. Compared with ACDF, the rate of adjacent segment reoperation in the CDA group was significantly lower (P<0.01), and the advantage of CDA group increased with the increasing of follow-up time according to subgroup analysis. The rate of ASDeg in CDA was significantly lower than that of ACDF (P<0.01). There was no statistical difference between upper and lower ASDeg using the same surgical method (P>0.05). CDA provided a greater cervical ROM than did ACDF (P<0.01). There was a lower adjacent segment ROM and the rate of ASDis in CDA compared with ACDF (P<0.05).Compared with ACDF, the advantages of CDA were lower ASDeg, ASDis, adjacent segment reoperation and adjacent segment motion; and higher cervical ROM. However, there was no statistical difference between upper and lower adjacent segment ROM/ASDeg using the same surgery.
The adsorption of a recombinant Factor VIII to silica surfaces coated to present different hydrophilic/hydrophobic, electrostatic and steric characteristics was monitored in situ, with ellipsometry. rFVIII adsorption affinity was high for hydrophobic surfaces and hydrophilic, charged surfaces. A lower affinity was recorded between rFVIII and a neutral hydrophilic surface, with substantial reduction in rFVIII adsorption to electronically neutral surfaces presenting pendant poly[ethylene oxide] chains. We conclude that steric repulsion is a requirement for minimizing rFVIII adsorption at solid surfaces.
In this paper, we propose an outlier-detection algorithm for detecting network traffic anomalies based on a clustering algorithm and an autoencoder model. The BIRCH clustering algorithm is employed as the pre-algorithm of the autoencoder to pre-classify datasets with complex data distribution characteristics, while the autoencoder model is used to detect outliers based on a threshold. The proposed BIRCH-Autoencoder (BAE) algorithm has been tested on four network security datasets, KDDCUP99, UNSW-NB15, CICIDS2017, and NSL-KDD, and compared with representative algorithms. The BAE algorithm achieved average F-scores of 96.160, 81.132, and 91.424 on the KDDCUP99, UNSW-NB15, and CICIDS2017 datasets, respectively. These experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach can effectively and accurately detect anomalous data.
Drug discovery is vitally important for protecting human against disease. Target-based screening is one of the most popular methods to develop new drugs in the past several decades. This method efficiently screens candidate drugs inhibiting target protein in vitro, but it often fails due to inadequate activity of the selected drugs in vivo. Accurate computational methods are needed to bridge this gap. Here, we propose a novel graph multi task deep learning model to identify compounds carrying both target inhibitory and cell active (MATIC) properties. On a carefully curated SARS-CoV-2 dataset, the proposed MATIC model shows advantages comparing with traditional method in screening effective compounds in vivo. Next, we explored the model interpretability and found that the learned features for target inhibition (in vitro) or cell active (in vivo) tasks are different with molecular property correlations and atom functional attentions. Based on these findings, we utilized a monte carlo based reinforcement learning generative model to generate novel multi-property compounds with both in vitro and in vivo efficacy, thus bridging the gap between target-based and cell-based drug discovery.
Two lab scale upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactors were operated at an organic loading rate of COD 9 kg x (m3 x d)(-1) to treat two kinds of calcium containing wastewaters, one of which took acetic acid as substrate and for the other, glucose and soluble starch were the substrate. Both the wastewaters contained 800 mg x L(-1) Ca+. Precipitation of calcium carbonate in the reactors was observed. The results showed that the kind of substrate had great influence on calcium carbonate precipitation. In the reactor treating acetic acid containing wastewater, a maximum calcium precipitation rate of 65% was achieved and an average rate of about 25% was then maintained. In contrast, the calcium precipitation rate for the glucose and soluble starch containing wastewater was only about 7.5%. It was also found that substantial precipitation only occurred 30 days after the reactor were operated for both of the wastewaters. After 180 days of operation, the ash content of the sludge in the reactors increased from about 10% to 70% for the acetic acid containing wastewater and 30% for the other. However, the increase of ash content had no negative influence on the COD removal efficiency, which was kept at about 90% throughout the experimental period. By the SEM it was inferred that the different substrates caused the differences of the granular sludge microstructure, leading to the diversity of calcium carbonate precipitation in the two reactors.
Sidestream EBPR (S2EBPR) is an emerging alternative process to address common challenges in EBPR related to weak wastewater influent and may improve EBPR process stability. A systematic evaluation and comparison of the process performance and microbial community structure was conducted between conventional and S2EBPR facilities in North America. The statistical analysis suggested higher performance stability in S2EBPR than conventional EBPR, although possible bias associated with other plant-specific factors might have affected the comparison. Variations in stoichiometric values related to EBPR activity and discrepancies between the observed values and current model predictions suggested a varying degree of metabolic versatility of PAOs in S2EBPR systems that warrant further investigation. Microbial community analysis using various techniques suggested comparable known candidate PAO relative abundances in S2EBPR and conventional EBPR systems, whereas the relative abundance of known candidate GAOs seemed to be consistently lower in S2EBPR facilities than conventional EBPR facilities. 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis revealed differences in the community phylogenetic fingerprints between S2EBPR and conventional facilities and indicated statistically higher microbial diversity index values in S2EBPR facilities than those in conventional EBPRs. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Sidestream EBPR (S2EBPR) can be implemented with varying and flexible configurations, and they offer advantages over conventional configurations for addressing the common challenges in EBPR related to weak wastewater influent and may improve EBPR process stability. Survey of S2EBPR plants in North America suggested statistically more stable phosphorus removal performance in S2EBPR plants than conventional EBPRs, although possible bias might affect the comparison due to other plant-specific factors. The EBPR kinetics and stoichiometry of the S2EBPR facilities seemed to vary and are associated with metabolic versatility of PAOs in S2EBPR systems that warrant further investigation. The abundance of known candidate PAOs in S2EBPR plants was similar to those in conventional EBPRs, and the abundance of known candidate GAOs was generally lower in S2EBPR than conventional EBPR facilities. Further finer-resolution analysis of PAOs and GAOs, as well as identification of other unknown PAOs and GAOs, is needed. Microbial diversity is higher in S2EBPR facilities compared with conventional ones, implying that S2EBPR microbial communities could show better resilience to perturbations due to potential functional redundancy.
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