Jane Carter

World Agroforestry Centre

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George Sugai

University of Oregon

Jens Hammer

Natura (Brazil)

Woldemariam Gebreslassie

Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement

Kamal Melvani

Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement

Carly R. Desmond

McMaster University

Rebecca Jacobs

Natura (Brazil)

Dia Mawesti

Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement

Thuy Nhi

Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement

Ghanashyam Sharma

Natura (Brazil)

Freire Santos

Natura (Brazil)

Cooperative Institutions

Natura (Brazil)

101

Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement

101

World Agroforestry Centre

101

University of Leeds

Yale University

Yale New Haven Hospital

Université de Montpellier

Wellington Hospital

University of Melbourne

Agropolis International

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Alley farming: have resource-poor farmers benefited?

Agroforestry today (1995)

Jane Carter

Over the past two decades, there has been much scientific interest in the potential of agroforestry for small-scale farming. One form of agroforestry that has received particular attention is alley farming, intended as a sustainable, intensive system that would radically improve the long-term prospects of resource-poor farmers. Although impossible to estimate precisely, total global expenditure on alley farming research, development and promotion to date runs to tens of millions of US dollars. It is now widely recognised that the technology has far less potential than originally anticipated, major limitations having emerged in both its technical and socioeconomic characteristics. This paper reviews the documented on-farm performance of alley farming to date, identifying niche areas with some prospects for successful adoption, and suggesting specific areas for further research.[1]

Alley

Promotion (chess)

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Citations (40)

Excess winter mortality in England and Wales, 2008/09 (provisional) and 2007/08 (final)

Health Statistics Quarterly (2009)

Vanessa Fearn Jane Carter

New england

10.1057/hsq.2009.39

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Citations (21)

The assessment has become the curriculum: Teachers’ views on the Phonics Screening Check in England

British Educational Research Journal (2020)

Jane Carter

The Phonics Screening Check (PSC) was introduced in England in 2012 for Year 1 children (aged 5 and 6). There have been criticisms of the check in relation to its reliability and appropriateness as an assessment for early reading, although advocates of the check see it as a valuable tool in securing progress in early reading. This mixed methods study sought to evaluate the intended and possible unintended consequences of the PSC, foregrounding the voices of children and their teachers. This article reports on findings from the teachers’ data. The study focused initially on questionnaire data from 14 schools (59 teachers) selected for their diversity in relation to attainment data (PSC and reading) and socio‐economic status. Focus groups in seven of the schools (25 teachers) enabled a more in‐depth exploration of teachers’ views and practices in relation to the PSC. The study identified the ‘negative backwash’ of assessment. The PSC was seen as an end in itself, rather than a way of securing progress in one of the skills of reading. It found that, the assessment had become the curriculum, to the detriment of specific groups of learners (higher‐attaining readers and children with English as an Additional Language). Teachers were found to use the assessment processes of the PSC as objectives for teaching rather than using them as the tools of assessment.

Phonics

Foregrounding

Whole language

National curriculum

Assessment for learning

10.1002/berj.3598

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Citations (12)

Energy Conservation in the United Kingdom:A Major Industrial Opportunity

The Energy Journal (1984)

Jane Carter

We are standing at a watershed in world development-the transition from an era of cheap and abundant energy to one where energy becomes scarcer and dearer. This paper discusses from the U.K. standpoint the opportunity that enhanced energy conservation presents to industry both to modernize and rethink its energy structures. Also,and of equal importance, is the response to the challenge of meeting the new investment demands that energy conservation presents.

Investment

Conservation of energy

10.5547/issn0195-6574-ej-vol5-no1-10

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Citations (2)

Environmental control systems for people with severe disabilities

British Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation (1997)

Jane Carter

Environmental control systems enable severely disabled people to control their environment. Environmental control system provision has undergone several changes in the last few years following the devolution of the central budget. Other changes have included new products being available for prescription on the NHS supplies contract and many more being available in the open marketplace. This article should be of interest to anyone who has an interest in environmental control system provision and is designed to help those who are involved in the referral and assessment of new users. It describes many, but not all of the systems currently available in the UK and gives some points to consider when helping a person to choose the right system for their needs.

Devolution

Disabled people

Environmental control system

10.12968/bjtr.1997.4.12.14324

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Citations (4)

Tropical Forest Issues (2024)

Emmanuel Torquebiau Nick Pasiecznik J. van Dam B. Louman Juan Moya

Forests and trees play a crucial role in agricultural frontier landscapes, regulating climate and water cycles, and providing protection against drought and erosion.Despite their importance, deforestation and unsustainable land use persist globally, with negative effects on biodiversity, climate and water resources.The food and agriculture sector has significant negative impacts.It is responsible for 70% of water withdrawals and 60% of biodiversity loss, and generates up to a third of anthropogenic GHG emissions, which further exacerbates these impacts.Biodiversity loss and climate change increasingly disrupt agricultural production systems worldwide, threatening food security and perpetuating poverty and inequality.This especially affects communities and smallholders, who play a pivotal role in global food production.Worldwide, about 600 million smallholders, each working on less than two hectares of land, are estimated to produce 30-34% of our food supply.There is an increasing international awareness of the need to transition to a climate-resilient, sustainable agricultural sector that is built on locally owned solutions and initiatives.Smallholders can play an important role in this transition.Tropenbos International focuses on landscapes at the frontier between dry and humid tropical forests and agriculture.It is our ambition that by 2030, the production of agrocommodities and forest products no longer drives deforestation and biodiversity loss, but instead provides food security and diversified livelihoods for smallholders.Locally owned solutions such as agroforestry will play an important role in achieving this goal.It is essential to identify and remove barriers and strengthen incentives for agroforestry systems in order to fulfil their promise to benefit local communities and contribute to resilient and thriving landscapes and sustainable global food production.Both traditional and formal knowledge and evidence are needed to bolster these locally owned solutions and drive the transition of the food system towards sustainability; e.g., by supporting collaborative learning among stakeholders to collectively address the barriers that currently delay the widespread adoption of agroforestry.Tropenbos plays a key role as a convenor and catalyst at various levels, ranging from the landscape to international dialogues.This edition of Tropical Forest Issues (TFI) compiles and analyzes the evidence from across the world on how farmers make agroforestry work in support of this transition.The articles showcase the socioeconomic and environmental benefits of agroforestry, and how practitioners are addressing the barriers that limit agroforestry's full potential in terms of productivity and adoption to scale.This issue of TFI showcases the diverse stakeholders engaged in the development, promotion and implementation of agroforestry.The cases serve as a vivid reminder to all stakeholders to join forces, to collaborate and to build strategic partnerships in order to realize the full potential of agroforestry for thriving and climate-resilient landscapes.

10.55515/oeqc4236

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Citations (0)

Quality Assurance for Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiography Monitoring

Anesthesia & Analgesia (1993)

Terence D. Rafferty Kenneth R. LaMantia Elizabeth A. Davis Daniel Phillips Stephen N. Harris

We evaluated our experience with 846 consecutive transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) intraoperative monitoring procedures performed between November 1989 and July 1991. TEE frequency was 36 +/- 11 per month (range 16-55) and represented 69.8% of cardiac valve surgery cases, 40.2% of coronary artery bypass graft cases, and 2.2% of total operative caseload. Major patient complications consisted of transient vocal cord paresis and ingestion of glutaraldehyde-disinfectant solution. Minor complications consisted of a chipped tooth (one case) and pharyngeal abrasions (three cases). The Quality Assurance (Q/A) Program evaluated both record keeping and quality of imaging, as judged by cardiologist echocardiographer reviewers. The percentage of completion for each Q/A indicator was as follows: medical record documentation, 88%; database form annotation, 94%; and provision of videotape recording, 91%. TEE database forms were analyzed further in terms of the percentage of fields completed. Completion scores were 73%. The following scoring system was utilized for videotape evaluation by the cardiologists: 1 = excellent; 2 = good; 3 = poor. The median grade for both two-dimensional echocardiography and color flow Doppler (CFD) examinations was 2. Poor quality images (grade 3) were present in 15.2% of two-dimensional echocardiography and 20.3% of color flow Doppler examinations, and disproportionately associated with 4/26 attendings. Supplemental audit of the cardiology reviewers performance demonstrated 569/846 videotapes showed no objective evidence of review. The cardiology reviewer forms of the remaining 277 videotapes were evaluated in terms of the percentage of fields completed. The completion score was 56%. These data suggest the need for formal Q/A for intraoperative TEE, both for anesthesiologists and reviewing cardiologists.

Medical record

10.1213/00000539-199302000-00005

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Citations (33)

A three-dimensional (3D) printed paediatric trachea for airway management training

Anaesthesia and Intensive Care (2020)

Jane Carter James C. Broadbent Ella C Murphy Bernard Guy Katherine Baguley

There is a deficit of commercially available paediatric airway models for anaesthesia airway management training, particularly for infant front-of-neck access and customised airway planning. Acknowledging this, we created a three-dimensional printed prototype for an affordable, high-fidelity training device, incorporating realistic tactile feedback, reproducibility and potential for modification for specific patient pathologies. Our model, created on a Stratasys Polyjet J750™ (Rehovot, Israel) printer, is a novel and useful educational tool in paediatric airway management, and we are pleased to share access to this resource with readers. Our work adds credence to three-dimensional printing as an accessible, reproducible and pluripotent technology in clinical anaesthesia.

3d printed

Three dimensional printing

Laryngeal Masks

Mascara

10.1177/0310057x20925827

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Citations (7)

Assessing and Adjusting for Cross-Cultural Validity of Impairment and Activity Limitation Scales Through Differential Item Functioning Within the Framework of the Rasch Model

Medical Care (2003)

Alan Tennant Massimo Penta Luigi Tesio G Grimby Jean-Louis Thonnard

In Europe it is common for outcome measures to be translated for use in other languages. This adaptation may be complicated by culturally specific approaches to certain tasks; for example, bathing. In this context the issue of cross-cultural validity becomes paramount.To facilitate the pooling of data in international studies, a project set out to evaluate the cross-cultural validity of impairment and activity limitation measures used in rehabilitation from the perspective of the Rasch measurement model.Cross-cultural validity is assessed through an analysis of Differential Item Functioning (DIF) within the context of additive conjoint measurement expressed through the Rasch model. Data from patients undergoing rehabilitation for stroke was provided from 62 centers across Europe. Two commonly used outcome measures, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) motor scale are used to illustrate the approach.Pooled data from 3 countries for the MMSE were shown to fit the Rasch model with only 1 item displaying DIF by country. In contrast, many items from the FIM expressed DIF and misfit to the model. Consequently they were allowed to be unique across countries, so resolving the lack of fit to the model.Where data are to be pooled for international studies, analysis of DIF by culture is essential. Where DIF is observed, adjustments can be made to allow for cultural differences in outcome measurement.

Differential item functioning

Polytomous Rasch model

Cross-Cultural

Concurrent validity

10.1097/01.mlr.0000103529.63132.77

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Citations (283)

Curious teachers, create curious learners and great historians

Education 3-13 (2018)

Sarah Whitehouse Karan Vickers‐Hulse Jane Carter

Engel, S. [2011. “Children’s Need to Know: Curiosity in Schools.” Harvard Educational Review 81 (4): 625–645] stated that curiosity should be cultivated in our schools as it is intrinsic to children’s development. However, this is often absent from classrooms. In this paper we aim to explore some of the factors that have led to a lack of curiosity in today’s classrooms by identifying the impact of rapid policy and curriculum change. We will then justify the importance of creative teaching to develop curiosity, not only in children but also in their teachers – curious teachers develop curious learners. We will conclude by sharing some case studies to illustrate how curiosity can be developed using history lessons as a platform.

Curiosity

10.1080/03004279.2018.1483800

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Citations (6)