Abstract Yuba films, a traditional unfermented soybean product, primarily consist of protein and lipid. These films are formed on the air-contact surface of soymilk by heating. However, its industrial production is currently challenged by the poor mechanical properties. In this study, we proposed a simple yet effective strategy to enhance the tensile strength of yuba films by introducing sodium metabisulfite (SM) to participate in the formation of protein aggregates in the emulsions. SM accelerated the dissociation of subunits of soybean protein by disrupting the disulfide bonds, resulting in the development of larger protein aggregates. The rheological properties and interfacial adsorption behavior suggested that these large protein aggregates exhibited greater diffusion and rearrangement rates, and were more readily to unfolding at the interface and re-crosslinking to form a denser protein network. The circular dichroism and fluorescence spectrum indicated that the protein aggregates formed from SM-treated emulsions had a stronger trapping of hydrophobic residues compared to those from the control group. These findings have the capacity to contribute to the development and industrial production of yuba films and other plant protein-based film products with specific qualities.
Obsjective To investigate the clinical data,and to summarize the clinical experience of diagnosis and treatment of graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) after liver transplantation.Methods 4 of 480 recipients undergone liver transplantation developed GVHD from Apr.2005 to Sep.2011.The 4 recipients'clinical courses and laboratory tests were recorded.Results The diagnosis of GVHD depended on clinical syndrome involved skin rash,bone marrow depression and diarrhea.Skin biopsy and STR-PCR were matched.Among them,2 with successful treatment have been surviving for 7 and 24 months,and 2 died from infection.One recipient had the donor T lymphocyte microchimerism detected by STR-PCR.Conclusions GVHD after liver transplantation can cause high mortality due to bone marrow depression.A reasonable treatment can be to reduce immunosuppressant and glucocorticoids and IVIG.
Key words:
Liver transplantation; Graft-versus-host disease
Objective To review the techniques used in biliary reconstruction for adult-adult living donor liver transplantation using a right lobe graft. Methods The clinical data of 21 pairs of donor and recipient who underwent right lobe living donor liver transplantation from April 2007 to May 2009 at Beijing Youan Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Biliary anastomoses consisted of 10 single right hepatic duct to common hepatic duct anastomoses, 5 donor double branched ducts to recipient double branched ducts anastomoses, 5 single anastomoses between a donor double branched duct which had been converted to a single duct by ductoplasty to a single recipient bile duct, and 1 hepaticojejunostomy. A T-tube was inserted through the anterior wall of the common hepatic duct and splinted across the anastomosis in 2 recipients and a Y-tube was used in 1 recipient. Results 4 recipients died during the first post-transplant month. Another recipient received a retransplantation for acute liver necrosis. The remaining recipients were alive. The 1-year survival rate of the recipients was 77.65 %.5 patients developed biliary leakage and 2 patients developed biliary stricture. The 7 biliary complications were treated and cured by further surgical procedures. There was no significant difference in the biliary complications among the three different types of biliary anastomotic groups (x2 = 0. 659,P=0. 719). Conclusion The different types of biliary anastomoses can be used in living donor liver transplantation depending on the situations found in the donors and recipients. Continuous suturing on the posterior wall of the bile duct, interrupted suturing on the anterior wall and microsurgical techniques in biliary reconstruction are effective modalities to minimize biliary complications.
Key words:
Liver transplantation; Living donor; Right lobe graft; Biliary reconstruction
Ischemic-Type Biliary Lesions (ITBLs) are a common and difficult to treat biliary complication associated with liver transplantation. It is one of the main factors impacting long-term recipient and graft survival. It is therefore important and meaningful to investigate the mechanisms, effective prevention, and treatment of ITBLs. In this study, we retrospectively reviewed the records of 32 post-liver transplant patients with ITBLs, which were divided into those who received rapamycin and those who did not (controls). Using an All Prep DNA/RNA Mini Kit (Qiagen, Germany) according to the manufacturer’s instructions, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily A5 (CYP3A5) rs776746 were genotyped in both donors and recipients. There are 15 cases have one alleles A, 12 cases two alleles A and 5 cases three alleles A in both donors and recipients. With increasing numbers of CYP3A5 rs776746 alleles A, patients were found to have increasingly higher bile duct injury score at time points when ITBLs were identified. After rapamycin treatment, there was a significant improvement in liver function indexes, and the bile duct immunopathological damage alleviated significantly. These findings demonstrate that (i) Ischemic- Type Biliary Lesions (ITBLs) after liver transplantation is associated with high expression of CYP3A5 rs776746 allele A; and (ii) Rapamycin can stimulating FoxP3+ Treg cells, suppressing immunopathological damage, and promoting epithelial repair in bile ducts.
Objective The incidence of metabolic syndrome (MS) increases after liver transplantation. This study was performed to evaluate the impact of MS on patients' quality of life after liver transplantation. Methods We collected the medical records of 152 patients during their post-liver transplantation outpatient follow-up. Quality of life was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey. Data on the patients' general condition as well as MS-related indicators were assessed in all patients. Based on the MS diagnostic criteria proposed by the International Diabetes Federation in 2005, the patients were divided into two groups: those with and without MS. We then analyzed the factors influencing MS and their impact on the patients' quality of life. Results After liver transplantation, age and underlying liver disease were significantly associated with MS and diabetes, and sex and body mass index were associated with central obesity. Central obesity affected the patients' general health (GH) score and health transition (HT) score, and hypertension affected their GH score and physical component score (PCS). Conclusions After liver transplantation, central obesity had a negative impact on patients' GH score and HT score, and hypertension affected their GH score and PCS.
The TLR4/NF-κB pathway had important roles in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. In this study, we reported a protective effect of curcumin against hepatic I/R injury via TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Curcumin significantly inhibited cell apoptosis, and decreased levels of LDH and production of TNF-a, IL-1b, and IL-6 in the cell supernatant. In addition, curcumin ameliorated elevated TLR4 and NF-κB caused by hypoxia/reoxygenation stimulation in BRL-3A cells. In vivo assays revealed that curcumin reduce levels of ALT and AST, and reversed TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway caused by hepatic I/R stimulation in liver tissues. These results suggested that curcumin ameliorates hepatic I/R injury, which may be mediated in part via the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
DNA methylation (DNAme) alterations are known to initiate from the precancerous stage of tumorigenesis. Herein, we investigated the global and local patterns of DNAme perturbations in tumorigenesis by analysing the genome-wide DNAme profiles of the cervix, colorectum, stomach, prostate, and liver at precancerous and cancer stages. We observed global hypomethylation in tissues of both two stages, except for the cervix, whose global DNAme level in normal tissue was lower than that of the other four tumour types. For alterations shared by both stages, there were common hyper-methylation (sHyperMethyl) and hypo-methylation (sHypoMethyl) changes, of which the latter type was more frequently identified in all tissues. Biological pathways interrupted by sHyperMethyl and sHypoMethyl alterations demonstrated significant tissue specificity. DNAme bidirectional chaos indicated by the enrichment of both sHyperMethyl and sHypoMethyl changes in the same pathway was observed in most tissues and was a common phenomenon, particularly in liver lesions. Moreover, for the same enriched pathways, different tissues may be affected by distinct DNAme types. For the PI3K−Akt signalling pathway, sHyperMethyl enrichment was observed in the prostate dataset, but sHypoMethyl enrichment was observed in the colorectum and liver datasets. Nevertheless, they did not show an increased possibility in survival prediction of patients in comparison with other DNAme types. Additionally, our study demonstrated that gene-body DNAme changes of tumour suppressor genes and oncogenes may persist from precancerous lesions to the tumour. Overall, we demonstrate the tissue specificity and commonality of cross-stage alterations in DNA methylation profiles in multi-tissue tumorigenesis.
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