Robert M. Reinhardt

Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne

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J. David Reid

University of Sheffield

B. A. Kottes Andrews

Southern Regional Research Center

Russell M. H. Kullman

Southern Regional Research Center

George C. Daul

Southern Regional Research Center

J.G. Frick

Vienna General Hospital

Norton A. Cashen

Southern Regional Research Center

Terrence W. Fenner

University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf

Jett C. Arthur

Littoral Research Group (United States)

Eugene J. Blanchard

Laboratoire Techniques, Territoires et Sociétés

Maja Berden Zrimec

Institute of Physical Chemistry

Cooperative Institutions

Southern Regional Research Center

Agricultural Research Service

United States Department of Agriculture

Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology

Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research

Leibniz Association

Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology

TU Dresden

Politecnico di Milano

Stanford University

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Dreamweaver and Flash Bible with CD-ROM

Joseph Lowery Robert M. Reinhardt Jon Warren Lentz

From the Publisher: Combining the most compelling content of two hot bestsellers, Dreamweaver 4 Bible and Flash 5 Bible, this is the book Web developers have been waiting for. Covering everything from program basics to advanced techniques, it's packed with inside tips on how to create cutting-edge Flash animation and Dreamweaver Web sites. The CD-ROM has over 400 Dreamweaver extensions, trial software, and more.

CD-ROM

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Loss of Free Formaldehyde from Cotton Fabrics

Textile Research Journal (1986)

Robert M. Reinhardt B. A. Kottes Andrews

Cotton fabrics with known free formaldehyde contents were prepared. Free form aldehyde contents of the fabrics were monitored after applying the formaldehyde and after subjecting samples to various experimental conditions that afforded opportunity for loss of the free formaldehyde. In this manner, it was possible to observe changes in formaldehyde contents from exposure of the fabrics to air, to water, and to other fabrics. The influence of time, temperature, moisture, and level of formaldehyde on these changes, and the effect of cellulose crosslinking were determined. The results are discussed with a view to enlarging and extending our fundamental understanding of formaldehyde release from finished cottons and, in particular, the role of free form aldehyde in the fabrics.

Free water

10.1177/004051758605600213

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Citations (6)

Studies on the Partial Carboxymethylation of Cotton

Textile Research Journal (1952)

George C. Daul Robert M. Reinhardt J. David Reid

Additional studies have been made on partial carboxymethylation—the reaction between mono chloroacetic acid and cotton in the presence of sodium hydroxide—and on the products ob tained. A thorough investigation of the time and temperature of reaction and concentration of reagents showed that relatively small amounts of monochloroacetic acid, properly applied, alter the properties of cotton considerably. Pilot-scale carboxymethylation of cloth was conducted which showed that it is possible to use standard textile machinery in the process. The cloth resulting from this treatment had a crisp liand with a slightly starched feel. More detailed investigations than reported previously were made, and it was found that the tensile strength and elongation of treated cotton are increased, dyeing properties are changed, and soiling-resistance and soil removal are increased. It was also learned that the treated materials are unaffected after one year's storage.

Chloroacetic acid

Sodium hydroxide

Textile

Elongation

Tear resistance

10.1177/004051755202201204

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Citations (52)

Pilot-Scale Process for Photo-Initiated Modification of Cotton in the Preparation of Durable-Press Fabrics

Textile Research Journal (1981)

J. Arthur Harris Robert M. Reinhardt

A continuous process for the modification of cotton fabrics by photo-initiated copolymerization with N-methylolacrylamide for the preparation of durable-press textiles was investigated. Cotton fabrics were padded with aqueous N-methylolacryl amide solutions and passed through a photochemical reactor at various speeds. The exposure of these monomer-impregnated cotton fabrics to ultraviolet radiation initiated free-radical reactions on the cellulose molecules to give permanently modi fied cotton textiles. The effects of fabric speed through the reactor, lamp wattage, monomer concentration in aqueous solution, type of crosslinking catalyst, catalyst concentration, use of and concentration of DMDHEU, irradiation of both dry and pad-wet fabrics, one-side and two-side exposures, and heat build-up within the reactor on the efficiency of conversion of monomer to polymer add-on were determined. The effect of heat treatment after irradiation also was investigated. Durable-press ratings were determined on these modified, crosslinked fabrics, with some textile properties being determined on selected samples. Microscopic examination of the modified printcloth by transmission electron microscopy indicated a uniform deposition of polymer throughout the fibrous cross section.

Textile

10.1177/004051758105100204

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Citations (1)

Reactivity of N‐methylolacrylamide in treatment of cotton under ultraviolet light

Journal of Applied Polymer Science (1979)

Robert M. Reinhardt Jett C. Arthur

Abstract N‐Methylolacrylamide (NMA) and cotton react readily under ultraviolet light when the treatment is carried out in an atmosphere of nitrogen. Reaction is almost completely inhibited by the oxygen in air. Polymerization inhibitors such as the methyl ether of hydroquinone (MEHQ) retard, but do not prevent, reaction. Longer radiation times, i.e., higher radiation doses, overcome the inhibitory effect of MEHQ. A photosensitizer such as biacetyl can increase the rate and efficiency of NMA‐cotton treatments, especially with short radiation times (low radiation doses). Relatively low ratios of photosensitizer to monomer produce such effects.

Hydroquinone

Ultraviolet

Reactivity

10.1002/app.1979.070240113

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Citations (17)

Enantiomer Separation of Cycloalkanols by Capillary Gas Chromatography on Cyclodextrin Phases

Journal of Chromatographic Science (1995)

Robert M. Reinhardt W. Engewald Uwe Himmelreich Christian Buchberger Bernhard Koppenhoefer

The enantiomers of 14 mono-, di-, tri-, and tetramethyl cyclohexanols, 2-methylcycloheptanol, and 2-methylcyclooctanol are separated with capillary gas-liquid chromatography on permethylated α- and β-cyclodextrin, respectively, dissolved in the polysiloxane phase OV-1701. Thermodynamic data are determined in order to investigate the mode of interaction of the enantiomers with the two chiral stationary phases. Besides this, there is no apparent relationship between the differences in retention indices on chiral and achiral stationary phases and the thermodynamic data of interaction with the chiral selector.

Capillary gas chromatography

Cyclohexanol

10.1093/chromsci/33.5.236

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Citations (3)

Unusual Effects of Some Zwitterion Compounds as Catalysts in Easy-Care Finishing 1

Textile Research Journal (1983)

Donald J. Daigle Robert M. Reinhardt

Aminoalkanesulfonic acids and amino acids are internal organic salts or zwit terions. In pad-dry-cure processing to impart durable press properties to cellulosic fabrics, they may be used as catalysts. Aminomethanesutfonic acid (AMSA), in particular, is about as effective a catalyst as magnesium chloride. Because of its zwitterion structure, AMSA is unlike most sulfonic acids which produce durable press fabrics with high strength losses. Mixed catalysts of magnesium chloride and the zwitterions AMSA, taurine, or glycine can be employed with dimethylol dihy droxyethyleneurea to produce fabrics with a good combination of smooth drying appearance, wrinkle resistance, serviceable strength, and moderate formaldehyde release values.

Zwitterion

Sulfonic acid

Cetylpyridinium chloride

10.1177/004051758305300105

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Citations (0)

Crossliking Cotton in an Unheated Dehydrating Atmosphere

Textile Research Journal (1974)

Russell M. H. Kullman Robert M. Reinhardt

A new approach to the crosslinking of cotton was investigated. Finished fabrics with wrinkle resistance properties similar to those of damp cured fabrics were produced by treatments in which the curing operation takes place over an extended period of time in an unheated dehydrating atmosphere. The crosslinking reaction, which produces wrinkle resistance, is promoted by removal of water from the fabric by contact with dried air at room temperature. The in fluence of changes in various parameters of the treatment was explored. Dimethylol methyl carbamate, dimethylol dihydroxyethyleneurea, and formaldehyde were used as crosslinking agents with hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid as catalysts. In dehydration curing, deswelling of the fiber during reaction is evidently slow and not as complete as in conventional curing at high temperature.

Hydrochloric acid

10.1177/004051757404400105

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Citations (2)

Foam Finishing Treatment of Cotton Fabrics with Formaldehyde Part I: Textile Physical Properties1

Textile Research Journal (1986)

Elwood J. Gonzales Robert M. Reinhardt

A fractional factorial design of experiments was used in studying the treatment of cotton printcloth with formaldehyde. Foam application of the HCHO with Zn(NO 3 ) 2 catalysis was used at wet pickups up to 40%. Multiple stepwise regression analysis of the textile property data indicated that only combinations of processing variables were responsible for a substantial portion of the predicted increases in resilience and the decreases in strength and abrasion performance. The analysis also substantiated the satisfactory agreement between predicted and measured resilience and strength values and the moderate to poor agreement between predicted and measured abrasion values.

Textile

Abrasion (mechanical)

Resilience

Fractional factorial design

10.1177/004051758605600806

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Citations (9)

Enhanced Cotton Textiles from Utilization Research

ACS symposium series (1996)

B. A. Kottes Andrews Robert M. Reinhardt

Cotton, the most important vegetable fiber used in spinning, is a member of the genus Gossipium and is widely grown in warm climates the world over. Cotton, a renewable resource, has many good qualities, such as comfort, breathability and dyeability. Utilization research has provided other value added properties. Elucidation of mechanisms for the reactions of cellulose has paved the way for product development. Significant contributions in the areas of mercerization, rot resistance, antibacterial treatments, flame retardancy, durable press, antisoiling treatments, dyeing, water absorption, and comfort have been provided by research conducted at the Southern Regional Research Center.

Renewable resource

Cellulose fiber

10.1021/bk-1996-0647.ch003

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Citations (2)