Based on the investigation of the water source pollution in Haikou-Hushan section of Le'an River and the water quality monitoring,the status quo of the water pollution was evaluated.After calculating the water environmental capacity with CODCr and Cu,we put forward the total control scheme.
The size of microcapsules (MCs) is an important and easily adjustable parameter; however, the function of this parameter in the movement behavior of pesticide MCs had not yet been studied. Phoxim-loaded polyurethane MCs with three various size distributions (average diameters of 1.39 μm, MC-S; 5.78 μm, MC-M; and 23.60 μm, MC-L) were obtained. In the greenhouse experiment, the insecticidal activities of MC-S and MC-M occurred mainly in the first 3 days and that of MC-L was maintained from 3 to 10 days after application. The direct and secondary distributions of a pesticide were defined and used to investigate the effects of particle size on the insecticidal activity of MCs in the field. The results indicated that the reason why MC-S had an excellent initial activity was that it was more widely distributed on the surface of the organism, was more likely to be adhered to by pests, and had greater resistance to rain washing. MC-L had excellent later-stage insecticidal activity, which was mainly because of its outstanding light stability. Then, retained phoxim was released through a crack caused by a light shining onto the shell. The increase in the size of the MCs improved the amount of pesticide swallowed by the insect and the movement distance of the pesticide within the digestive system of the insect. Thus, increasing the size of MCs helps increase the utilization rate of pesticides if a chemical group responding to alkaline conditions can be added into the capsule shell. The transfer and release behavior of pesticide MCs in the field can be regulated by simply adjusting the particle size, which is of great value to the application of pesticide MCs in agriculture and could provide a new approach for the efficient utilization of pesticide MC formulation.
The pollution produced by the excrement of livestock and poultry is becoming more and more prominent and the dejection of domestic animals must be rationally treated and utilized. The anaerobic fermentation is an important pollution control technology, however, it also may produce many biogas slurry and residues and very likely leads to the secondary pollution especially when there is no proper treatment. Biogas slurry is used as a microalgae growth medium which could obtain bio-diesel and purifies biogas slurry, therefore, it can achieve not only effective environmental protection but also waste reduction, hazardless and efficient utilization. The authors’s experimental results showed that Chlorella vulgaris can grow advantageously in the swine wastewater environment and the utilization of pig wastewater to culture microalgae can achieve the goal of piggery wastewater’s purification.
The core of standardized training for residents is the cultivation of clinical practice ability, which is also the main content of the professional degree graduate training. With the integration of professional degree graduate training and standardized training of residents, the evaluation system of professional degree graduate tutors should be included in the quality index of graduate clinical skills training. Through the methods of document retrieval and expert consultation, the index structure, the examination content and the weight were set up, and the detailed rules for the evaluation of the professional degree graduate tutors were established to guide them strengthen the training of clinical skills for graduates and improve the cultivation quality of professional degree graduates.
Key words:
Clinical medicine; Professional degree; Graduate student; Tutor; Assessment; Index
Abstract Skeletal muscle function gradually declines with aging, presenting substantial health and societal challenges. Comparative analysis of how aging affects fast‐ and slow‐twitch muscles remains lacking. We utilized 20‐month‐old mice to reveal the aging effects on muscle structure and fiber composition, followed by bulk RNA sequencing for fast‐ and slow‐twitch muscles and integration with human single‐cell RNA sequencing dataset providing a comparative analysis across species. In mouse slow‐twitch muscles, aging induced a switch from fast to slow fibers and distinctively altered lipid metabolism in ceramide and triglyceride, with the upregulation of regulatory genes Gk and Ppargc1a also observed in human slow fibers. Additionally, both types of muscles exhibited common collagen deposition and fibrosis, possibly due to the imbalance between collagen synthesis and degradation. The extracellular matrix gene changes substantially overlapped between mice and humans in aging, yet also highlighted clear differences. This integrative analysis provides further understanding of aged fast‐ and slow‐twitch muscles and offers new insights into the molecular changes in aging.
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