Abstract Rationale and Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the effect of exercise on brown adipose tissue (BAT) volumes and T2 values in mice. Materials and Methods Twenty-five female Kunming mice were divided into two groups, a running group (n = 5) and a control group (n = 20). After 4 months, all magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of mice were performed on a 7 Tesla (7T) MR scanner with T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) and a T2 mapping sequence. Interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) volumes and T2 values were measured. To reduce the impact of weight on the results, we compared the ratio of BAT volumes to body weights (V/W). The data are expressed as mean ± SD, the BAT V/W and T2 values were compared between the control and running groups using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results Interscapular BAT volumes of the running group (n = 5) and control group (n = 20) were (180.09ml ± 59.80 ml) and (99.98ml ± 35.05ml), respectively. The V/W ratios of the running and control groups were (3.83ml/g ± 0.78ml/g) and (2.17ml/g ± 0.56ml/g), respectively. Interscapular BAT T2 values of the running and control groups were (76.07ms ± 10.82ms) and (61.22ms ± 15.98ms), respectively. Significant differences were found in the BAT V/W ratios (P = 0.0003, P < 0.001) and T2 values between the two groups (P = 0.0096, P < 0.05). BAT volume correlated positively with BAT T2 value (r = 0.75, p = 0.00002). Conclusions MRI is a non-invasive and quantitative method for identifying BAT, especially at ultra-high field like 7T. Long-term running increases BAT volume and T2 value, what's more, BAT volume correlates positively with BAT T2 value.
Objective:To study the pathological basis of acute traumatic hydropneumothorax and the imaging characteristic of chest injury.Methods:Two hundred and eithty-seven acute traumatic hydropneumothorax cases that had completed data were reviewed.Results: Therer were a few or moderate hydrothorax 154 cases, a great quantity hydrothorax 76 cases, hydropneumothorax 57 cases.Complicated traumatic wet lung 96 cases, pulmonary laceration 24 cases, bronchofragmentation 7 cases, tension pneumothorax 15 cases.Single side and double sides chest trauma were 252 and 35 cases respectively.Conclusion: X-ray plain films in supine position was one of the important effective method for diagnosing chest trauma.
Study Design. A retrospective study. Objective. The aim of this study was to describe a novel posterior approach, circumspinal decompression technique “IV+V+VI” for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) or hard disc herniation (HDH) in thoracic spine and assess its safety and efficacy. Summary of Background Data. Thoracic myelopathy caused by OPLL or HDH is a rare but intractable disorder that can only be effectively treated with surgery. Nevertheless, few studies have reported on a detailed resection of OPLL or HDH using a single posterior approach and no consistent procedures have been established. Methods. Fifteen consecutive patients with single-level OPLL or HDH who were treated with this novel technique at our center between January 2016 and June 2017 were recruited. The perioperative complications, operation time, blood loss, pre- and postoperative neurological statuses were recorded and analyzed. Neurological status was evaluated with a modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scale and the neurological recovery rate was calculated using the Hirabayashi's Method. Results. All the included patients underwent one-stage posterior circumferential decompression. The average age at surgery was 43.3 ± 12.8 years. Eight cases were diagnosed with HDH, four with OPLL, and three with OPLL+OLF (ossification of the ligamentum flavum). The mean operation time was 109.9 ± 25.3 minutes with an average blood loss of 433.3 ± 221.8 mL. The mean follow-up period was 33.1 ± 7.5 months. Five patients experienced a dural tear, whereas another case experienced a transient numbness in the right lower limb. All these patients were treated conservatively and their neurological function recovered well at the final follow-up. The average JOA score increased from 5.8 ± 1.9 before surgery to 10.2 ± 1.0 postoperatively, and the average recovery rate was 87.2%. Conclusion. The “IV+V+VI” technique is a safe and effective method for thoracic OPLL and HDH resection. It can be used as a standard surgical procedure for thoracic spinal circumferential decompression. Level of Evidence: 4
Study Design. Retrospective study. Objective. To describe the treatment results of patients with severe ankylosing spondylitis (AS) kyphosis who underwent two-level osteotomy and correction surgery. Summary of Background Data. The best solution for the fixed kyphotic deformity of AS is corrective osteotomy. Many osteotomy options are available: pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO), Smith-Peterson osteotomy (SPO), and vertical column resection (VCR). These procedures all provide multiplanar deformity correction. Nevertheless, when the AS deformity is severe, an additional osteotomy site to get more correction, achieve more ideal, and smooth curvature of the spine than single osteotomy. Methods. From May, 2008 to August, 2016, 19 patients of severe AS kyphosis underwent two-level spinal osteotomy and correction surgery. The patients had an average kyphosis angle greater than 90°. The radiological features and clinical evaluation, including Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), visual analog scale (VAS), and Scoliosis Research Society (SRS)-22 components were assessed before surgery and at follow-up. The patients underwent either one-level PSO combined with one-level SPO (n = 9) or two-level PSO (n = 10). Results. The height was increased after surgery in all patients ( P < 0.05). The median follow-up was 24 months. The kyphosis angle improved from 92.0 ± 16.6° to 30.0 ± 17.2°. The chin-brow vertical angle improved from 37.6 ± 19.2° to –0.6 ± 2.5°. The sacral slope improved from 3.9 ± 11.8° to 21.7 ± 7.4°. Sagittal imbalance improved from 241.4 ± 115.3 mm to 74.6 ± 48.5 mm ( P < 0.05). Lumbar lordosis improved from –3.9 ± 20.8° to 29.4 ± 14.1° (all P < 0.05). There were significant improvements in the ODI, VAS, and all components of SRS-22 (all P < 0.05). All patients with pseudarthrosis (n = 5) underwent PSO + SPO and achieved satisfactory results. Six complications were observed perioperatively, but without permanent sequelae. Conclusion. Two-level osteotomy and correction procedure can achieve satisfactory results in severe AS kyphosis. PSO + SPO could be a good option for patients with pseudarthrosis because of relatively easier and faster operation. Level of Evidence: 4
Abstract Background Pituicytoma is a rare pituitary non-neuroendocrine tumour. The awareness of pituitary non-neuroendocrine tumours has gradually increased over the past several decades, but the knowledge of some histological variants of the tumours is limited, particularly in clinicopathological significance. Here, we report a rare case of pituicytoma variant. Case presentation A 71-year-old man presented with sudden symptoms of stroke including urinary incontinence, weakness in right lower limb, and trouble speaking. Physical examinations showed a right facial paralysis. The radiological examinations eventually found a 1.7 × 1.4 × 1.3 cm sellar occupied lesion. After symptomatic treatment improved the symptoms, the patient underwent transsphenoidal resection of the pituitary mass. Histologically, the tumour contained hypocellular area and hypercellular area. The hypocellular area showed elongated spindle cells arranged in a fascicular pattern around small vessels and scattered Herring bodies; the hypercellular area showed a large number of pseudorosettes. Immunohistochemistrically, the tumour cells were positive for thyroid transcription factor-1, S100, and neuron-specific enolase. Neurofilament only showed a little positive in the hypocellular area, and silver impregnation was only noted in a perivascular distribution. The patient had no recurrence 4 months after the surgery. Conclusions The rare variant of pituicytoma has a favourable prognosis. Moreover, it needs to be distinguished pituicytomas with pseudorosettes from ependymomas because of different prognosis. Lastly, Herring bodies may occasionally be seen in the pituicytoma, which could be a potential diagnostic pitfall.
With the aging of the population, the incidence of degenerative lumbar scoliosis has increased year by year. Long-segment orthopedic fixation surgery is an important method for the treatment of severe degenerative lumbar scoliosis. Currently, the evaluation of postoperative results is mainly based on the degree of relief of postoperative clinical symptoms, as well as the improvement of imaging deformity and balance. The studies show that although surgery has high difficulty and risk, most patients can benefit from surgery. Besides, it is reported that long-segment fixation can alleviate the symptoms of pain and improve the quality of life. However, it also decreases the local activity of the lumbar spine, leading to stiffness of lumbar, which may affect the activities of daily living (ADL) partly. Lumbar Stiffness Disability Index (LSDI) is a scale for evaluating the impact of lumbar spine stiffness on ADL. The scale has certain limitations and needs to be applied to Chinese people on the basis of optimization. In this paper, the researches of lumbar spine function evaluation after degenerative lumbar scoliosis and long segmental orthopedic fixation and the clinical use of LSDI are briefly reviewed.随着人口老龄化的加剧，退变性腰椎侧凸（DLS）的患病率逐年提高，而长节段矫形固定融合术是治疗严重DLS的重要方法。目前，术后效果的评估主要根据术后临床症状的缓解程度及影像学上畸形矫正和平衡状态改善情况。虽然手术具有较高的难度和风险，但多数患者可在手术中受益。然而，长节段固定融合在缓解疼痛症状、改善生活质量的同时，会造成腰椎局部活动度的下降，导致腰部僵硬，从而在一定程度上影响日常生活活动能力（ADL）。腰椎僵硬功能障碍指数（LSDI）作为评估腰椎僵硬对ADL影响的量表，已得到广泛应用。但该量表也具有一定的局限性，需要在优化的基础上应用。本文对DLS长节段矫形固定术后腰椎功能评估的研究进展及LSDI的临床应用现状进行综述。.
As the malignant tumor with the highest incidence in male, prostate cancer poses a significant threat to the reproductive health of elderly men. Our previous studies have shown that promoting necroptosis of cancer cells can effectively inhibit cancer cell proliferation. This study includes lentivirus-mediated knockdown of β2AR which resulted in stable transfectants that exhibited an increased ability to form clones compared to that of the negative control group. In the protein and mRNA levels, necroptosis associated RIP and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) were significantly higher in the treatment group than they were in the control group. Furthermore, cells treated with propranolol exhibited necrotic morphology as observed by transmission electron microscopy. The combination of β2AR suppression and necroptosis inhibitors resulted in a more potent suppression of cell proliferation compared to that observed in the control and negative control groups. Additionally, it elevated in the necrosis rate as determined by flow cytometry. Immunofluorescence staining revealed enhanced RIP and MLKL expression in the sh-β2AR group compared to levels in the negative control group. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments detected an interaction between β2AR and RIP. MLKL and RIPK3 levels were significantly higher in xenograft tumor sections from the sh-β2AR group compared to levels in the sh-NC group. To conclude, our research indicates the proliferation of PC-3 and DU-145 cprostate cancer cells can be suppressed by inhibiting β2AR, and this occurs through the RIP/MLKL-mediated pathway of necroptosis.
Abstract Study Design : A retrospective study. Objective : To investigate a machine learning algorithm to explore the influence of pedicle morphological parameters and pedicle screw size on safe screw placement in the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis with freehand. And a model was built to guide the selection of screw Methods : We analyzed 52 patients with idiopathic scoliosis who underwent correction surgery in our hospital from June 2012 to December 2019, including 17 males and 35 females aged 10-20 years. All pedicle screws were placed by freehand. Preoperative and postoperative X-ray and CT scans of whole spine were performed to measure Cobb Angle and pedicle morphological parameters, including transverse diameter of the pedicle, sagittal diameter of the pedicle, length of the pedicle channel, rotation angle of vertebrae, angle of the sagittal plane of pedicle and angle of the horizontal plane of pedicle. Screw penetration grading was also evaluated. Random forest were used to build a machine learning model to help the decision making of choosing an appropriate screw based on pedicle parameters and screw size. Results : A total of 888 screws and pedicles were included. The satisfactory rate of screw placement was 88.5%. The pedicle screw size was analyzed and predicted based on screw penetration and pedicle morphological parameters. The AUROC of random forest classification model achieved 0.712. The goodness of fit(R 2 ) was 0.546. Conclusion : Our model could provide guidance for the doctor to choose the length of the screw before surgery, and the classification model could also give a preliminary prediction of whether there would be anterior screw penetration based on the pedicle parameters.
In plastics, people hope that the conventional expansion be replaced by rapid expansion, because expanded period could be shortened greatly. Also people are concered at whether skin properties after rapid expansion approach that after conventional expansion. A comparison of skin biomechanical properties in vitro was carried out. Biomechanical properties in vitro, such as tensile strength, stress-strain, stress-relaxation, and creep were tested by INSTRON material testing machine. Results showed that the biomechanical properties of experimental specimens differed significantly from those of their controls immediately after expansion, however, the difference reduced with time. With the same maintenance period, the biomechanical properties of rapidly expanded skin were similar to those of the conventionally expanded skin. The conclusion is that rapid skin expansion dose not exhibit any deleterious effect when compared with the conventional expansion. Extension at the maintenance period could improve the biomechanical properties of expanded skin. Therefore, rapid expansion with an extended maintenance period is acceptable in clinical practice.
'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(23.036 .093 25.536)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(45.87 1.273 16.18)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(69.945 .996 12.078)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(20.66 -19.689 31.932)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e)