Abstract Objectives While lipid metabolism disorder is widely acknowledged as a contributing factor to inflammation, the association between remnant cholesterol (RC), which indicates lipid metabolism, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has not been investigated. Accordingly, this study evaluated whether RC is associated with RA disease events. Methods Data were collected and specifically extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2008 database. The RC value was derived by subtracting the combined amount of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) from the total cholesterol (TC). The association between RC and RA was evaluated using multivariate regression analysis and subgroup analysis. Results The study analyzed 7777 patients, of which 581 patients (7.47%) were diagnosed with RA. After accounting for different covariates, the multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a notable correlation between increased RC levels and an increased likelihood of RA (odds ratio OR = 1.54; 95% confidence interval CI: 1.11–2.13; P = 0.0092). The interaction test did not yield statistically significant effects on this association. The linear correlation between RC and RA was observed within restricted cubic spline regression model limitations. Conclusion The results suggest that higher RC levels are associated with increased odds of RA, indicating that RC can serve as a novel and convenient index for forecasting the likelihood of RA in the United States. Additionally, these findings offer insights into early intervention strategies for susceptible populations at risk of developing RA.
Physical vapor deposition has emerged as a promising strategy for efficient and stable all-inorganic perovskite light-emitting devices (PeLEDs). However, the thermally evaporated PeLEDs still suffer from unsatisfactory optoelectrical performance because of the massive nonradiative defects. Herein, we demonstrate an efficient bilateral interfacial defect-passivation strategy toward high-performance PeLEDs with a thermally deposited CsPbBr3 emissive layer (EML). Specifically, the nonradiative defects from the bulk as well as the EML/charge transport layer (CTL) interface are significantly suppressed by implementing the 3-amino-1-propanol (3AP)-modified PEDOT:PSS and introducing ammonium salts, respectively. Simultaneously, both the 3AP induced less-conductive Cs4PbBr6 and ammonium salts can balance the charge injection into the EML effectively. As a result, we achieved efficient PeLEDs based on thermally evaporated CsPbBr3 with a luminance of 15745 cd/m2, current efficiency of 32 cd/A, external quantum efficiency of 8.86%, and lifetime of 3.74 h. The strategy proposed here may shed light on the development of highly efficient thermally evaporated PeLEDs.
Preoperative identification of intramuscular hemangioma (IMH) subtypes (capillary hemangioma, cavernous hemangioma, and mixed hemangioma) is urgently necessary. Enhanced T2*-weighted angiography (ESWAN) is sensitive to vessels and metabolites and can be used to diagnose IMH subtypes.To compare the diagnostic performances of ESWAN and conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for qualitative and quantitative diagnosis of IMH subtypes.In total, 23 patients with IMHs were examined using conventional MRI and ESWAN. The signal intensity ratios (SIRs) of conventional MRI and ESWAN were measured.There was no significant difference for volume among the three subtypes (P = 0.124, P = 0.145). Various shapes and MRI signals were shown in the three subtypes of IMH. There was no significant difference for SIRs of conventional MRI (P = 0.558, P = 0.259, P = 0.385, P = 0.347). However, there was a significant difference for SIRs of ESWAN parameters (P = 0.050, P < 0.001, P = 0.005, P = 0.002). Capillary hemangiomas can be diagnosed when R2* SIR is <0.912 and intratumoral susceptibility signal (ITSS) percentage is <29.085%. Cavernous hemangiomas should be considered when R2* SIR is >0.912, ITSS percentage >35.226%, and phase SIR >2.536. In addition, mixed hemangiomas should be considered when T2* SIR is >0.662 and R2* SIR <1.618.Conventional MRI can only display the volume, shape, and signal of IMHs. 3D-MinIP imaging of ESWAN can show the veins and minor hemorrhage. SIRs of ESWAN parameters including T2* value, R2* value, phase value, and percentage of ITSS can be used to quantitatively diagnose capillary hemangiomas, cavernous hemangiomas, and mixed hemangiomas.
To describe the authors' surgical technique and to evaluate the final functional outcome of surgical treatment of the "terrible triad of the elbow".Eight patients identified with "terrible triad" injury patterns, including posterior elbow dislocation, radial head fracture and coronoid fracture, were available for a minimum of 11 months follow-up. Evaluation of functional outcome was based on Mayo elbow performance, Broberg-Morrey scores, and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire. Complications were also recorded.Five elbows redislocated while in a splint after manipulative reduction. Three had residual subluxation after operative treatment. The final mean extent of forearm movement was as follows: 21° of extension deficit (range, 5° to 45°), 126° of flexion (range, 110° to 140°), 75° of supination (range, 45° to 90°), and 71° of pronation (range, 30° to 90°). The mean Mayo, Broberg-Morrey, and DASH scores were 78.0 ± 13.4, 76.0 ± 14.0, and 28.0 ± 24.7, respectively.When an elbow joint is affected by the terrible triad, it is very unstable and prone to numerous complications. With operative treatment, the surgeon should attempt to perform internal fixation of the coronoid fracture, to regain normal radiocapitellar contact (either by preserving the radial head with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) or by replacing it with a prosthesis), and to repair the lateral collateral ligament (LCL). Thus early functional recovery and a successful final functional outcome can be achieved.
Objective To describe detailed key points of minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty （MIS-THA） via Watson-Jones （OCM） approach and explore its clinical outcome. Methods From January 2005 to December 2006, MIS-THA via OCM approach was performed in 35 patients including 16 males and 19 females, at age of （65.9 ± 6.8 ） years. The average body mass index was （24.4 ± 3.2 ）. The length of incision, operation duration, transfusion, complications, postoperative hospital stay, prosthesis position and Harris score after operation were observed. Results The patients were followed up for 6-24 months （ average 17.3 months）, which showed that the length of incision was （8.3 ± 0.9） cm, the operation duration of （92.1± 13.5 ） minutes and the blood transfusion of （300 ± 218.2） ml. All prosthesis had a good position with an abduction angle of （46.3± 2.9） °. The postoperative hospital stay was （7.9 ±1.7 ） days. Of the early 20 patients, 11 patients complained hip pains at 3 months and decreased to nine patients at 6 months and to five at 12 months. However, the later 15 patients showed no pain, infection, dislocation, deep vein thrombosis, vessel or nerve injury. During the follow-up period, all of the patients had good prosthesis position and rang of hip motion. Harris score was （91.3 ±5.7） at final follow-up. Conclusion OCM approach for MIS-THA, through the spatium intermusculare between the gluteus medius and musculus tensor fasciae latae, has the advantages of minor tissue trauma and fast functional recovery.
Key words:
Arthroplasty, replacement, hip ; Femoral neck fractures ; Surgical procedure, minimally invasive
An identification method based on modal strain energy is proposed to identify the damage of a functionally graded (FG) Euler-Bernoulli beam.Based on the strain energy of the FG Euler-Bernoulli beam, the expression of element modal strain energy (EMSE) is developed for the two-node beam element with three degrees of freedom per node.The finite element method (FEM) is employed to compute the element stiffness matrix and the modal parameters of the beam.The EMSE is calculated by using the FEM results.On this basis, the damage indicator for the FG Euler-Bernoulli beam is defined by way of the change of the EMSE before and after the occurrence of damage.A numerical example is given to show the validity of the proposed method for the damage identification of the FG Euler-Bernoulli beam.Numerical results reveal that the proposed method has very good capability for identifying damage in the FG Euler-Bernoulli beam and is robust to the effects of measurement noise.
Two novel Cu-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), namely, poly[[aquadichlorido[μ 4 -4′-(pyridin-4-yl)-[2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine]-4,4′′-dicarboxylato][μ 3 -4′-(pyridin-4-yl)-[2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine]-4,4′′-dicarboxylato]tricopper(II)] monohydrate], {[Cu 3 (C 22 H 12 N 4 O 4 ) 2 Cl 2 (H 2 O)]·H 2 O} n or {[Cu 3 (PTP) 2 Cl 2 (H 2 O)]·H 2 O} n , ( I ), and poly[[diaquabis[μ 2 -4′-(pyridin-3-yl)-[2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine]-4,4′′-dicarboxylato]bis(μ 2 -terephthalato)tricopper(II)] dihydrate], {[Cu 3 (C 22 H 12 N 4 O 4 ) 2 (C 8 H 4 O 4 ) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ]·2H 2 O} n or {[Cu 3 (BDC) 2 (MTP) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ]·2H 2 O} n , ( II ), have been synthesized successfully with 4′-(pyridin-4-yl)-[2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine]-4,4′′-dicarboxylic acid (H 2 PTP) and 4′-(pyridin-3-yl)-[2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine]-4,4′′-dicarboxylic acid (H 2 MTP) as the ligands, respectively. Crystal structure analysis reveals that ( II ) possesses a 2D coordinated layer structure, in which adjacent 2D coordination layers are linked into 3D frameworks through π–π interactions, while the structure of ( I ) displays dual coordination layers, in which adjacent coordination layers are connected into a 3D framework through hydrogen-bonding interactions. The photophysical properties of the two MOFs were investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy. Complex ( II ) shows an obvious `turn-on' fluorescence enhancement effect towards flazasulfuron and its potential application for sensing flazasulfuron in water with high selectivity and sensitivity was also investigated in detail.
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