Abstract Research on treating knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is becoming more challenging due to a growing number of younger patients being affected. The pathogenesis of KOA is complex for being a multifactorial disease affecting the entire joint, with remodeling of subchondral bone playing a key role in the degeneration of the overlying cartilage. Therefore, this study constructed a bipedal postmenopausal KOA mouse model to better understand how the interplay between subchondral bone remodeling and cartilage degeneration contributes to KOA development. A single-cell atlas of the osteochondral composite tissue was established. Furthermore, three novel subtypes of chondrocytes, including Smoc2 + angiogenic chondrocytes, Angptl7 + angiogenic chondrocytes, and Col1a1 + osteogenic chondrocytes, were identified in femoral condyles of KOA mice. In addition, the Angptl7 + chondrocytes promoted angiogenesis in the subchondral bone of KOA mice by interacting with endothelial cells via the FGF2-FGFR2 signaling pathway. The number of H-type vessels was increased in the subchondral bone, recruiting osteoprogenitor cells and facilitating osteogenesis in KOA mice. Sparc + osteoblasts have negatively regulated bone mineralization and osteoblastic differentiation, aggravated the pathological remodeling of subchondral bone, and promoted the progression of KOA. The above findings have offered new targets and opened up an avenue for the therapeutic intervention of KOA.
To evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of regimens of 2E3H3R3Z3/4H3R3(EMB regimen) and 2S3H3R3Z3/4H3R3(SM regimen) in tuberculosis control program.Retrospective, cross-sectional and prospective studies were carried out in Shijiazhuang city, Hebei province from January 1994 to June 1996.There was no significant difference between the two regimens in efficacy, relapse rate and full course supervision. The EMB regimen was found more applicable than the SM regimen, and the SM regimen caused more side effects than the EMB regimen. Streptomycin skin test had a 4.5% positive rate, and using SM costs 84% more than using EMB. One of the drawbacks found in the SM regimen was that only in 42.9% of the rural sanitation units the disinfection standard could be fulfilled, and the patients preferred the EMB regimen to the SM regimen.The EMB regimen is more applicable than the SM regimen in the tuberculosis control program.
Background: T. mentagrophytes can infect all mammals, including rabbits, causing serious infections with remarkable economic losses for rabbit farmers. Berberine is an alkaloid that is effective against a variety of microbial infections such as T. mentagrophytes. Growth curve by dry weight determination and in-vivo antifungal assay were carried out to clarify the inhibitory effect of berberine hydrochloride against T. mentagrophytes. Transcriptomics analyses were also carried out for better understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Results: The growth rate of T. mentagrophytes was significantly higher in control condition than under berberine hydrochloride or clotrimazole for 60 h. The growth rate of T. mentagrophytes was significantly slighter higher in berberine condition (1 mg) than under clotrimazole for 46 h. T. mentagrophytes seriously shrunk after berberine or clotrimazole treatment, as observed by TEM and in SEM. Significant recovery was evident in three berberine groups on day 6 compared with the DMSO group. Results from transcriptomics analyses showed 18,881 identified unigenes, including 18,754 and 12,127 in the NT and SwissProt databases. Among these, 12,011, 9174, and 11,679 unigenes belonged to 3 Gene Ontology (GO), 43 KEGG, and 25 KOG categories, respectively. Interestingly, we found that down-regulation of 14α-demethylase exposed to various medicines was slightly different, i.e., berberine hydrochloride (fold change −3.4956) and clotrimazole (fold change −2.1283) caused various degrees of alteration. Conclusions: Berberine hydrochloride could inhibit the growth of T. mentagrophytes. Berberine hydrochloride could also cure dermatosis induced by T. mentagrophytes. Down-regulation of 14α-demethylase exposed to various medicines was slightly different and might be one of the anti-resistance mechanisms of berberine hydrochloride in T. mentagrophytes. The present investigation provides considerable transcript sequence data that would help further assess the antifungal mechanisms against T. mentagrophytes, for antifungal medicine development.
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the application of BACTEC MGIT 960 system in mycobacterium identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test.METHODS The growth forms of 162 strains in liquid media were observed with microscope.Mycobacterium strains were identified by real-time PCR and traditional biochemistry method.The relation between bacteria form and strain categarly was analyzed.The susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis of 4 major antituberculosis drugs were detected with BACTEC MGIT 960 system.RESULTS Four growth forms of cording,clump and branch,load and scatter,and coccoid form were observed from 162 strains in liquid media.Among these,132 strains of cording form were all M.tuberculosis,10 strains of coccoid and 6 strains of load and scatter form were all nontuberculosis mycobacteria.Of the 141 strains mycobacterium tuberculosis complex,the rate of multi-drug resistance(MDR)-TB was 8.5%,the drug resistance rate of streptomycin,isoniazid,rifampicin and ethambutol were 9.9%,14.2%,9.2% and 6.4% respectively.The mean time of antimicrobial susceptibility test was 9.3 days.CONCLUSION System is quick and accurate to identify mycobacterium strains and acquire antimicrobial susceptibility results.
The contradiction between traditional Chinese medicine and modern sciences is rooted in the difference in the thought process, namely, a contradiction between non-object-based thought and object-based thought. These two ways of thought are complementary to each other and neither can be neglected.
The immunological effect of an extract from Momordica cochinchinensis seed (ECMS) on immune responses against infectious bursal disease (IBD) in chickens was evaluated. Fifty-two birds were equally divided into 4 groups and immunized with inactivated IBD vaccine alone (controls) or IBD vaccine emulsified with ECMS (20, 40, and 80 microg). Serum IgG antibody levels against IBD and BW were measured on 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 d after immunization. The ELISA results revealed that the chickens that received 20 microg of ECMS had significantly enhanced antibody levels on 14, 21, 28, and 35 d when compared with controls (P<0.05). A significant increase in mitogenic stimulated lymphocyte proliferation was also recorded in all ECMS groups as compared with controls (P<0.05; P<0.01). No adverse effect of ECMS was noted on growth performance, although average weight gain was significantly higher in 20 microg (7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 d) and 40 or 80 microg (14 d) of ECMS groups as compared with controls (P<0.05; P<0.01). Further studies are suggested for the investigation of immunological effects of ECMS.
The contents of urinary abnormality are recorded more than sixty items in Neijing,involving in thirty-six chapters.This paper expounds systematically the understanding of Neijing on urinary abnormality from the aspects of disease classification,etiology and pathogenesis,and therapeutic principles and methods,and provides the ideas for clinical treatment.
Objective To investigate the role of connective tissue growth factor(CTGF)in the pathogenesis of keloid.Methods The expression of CTGF mRNA was detected with semiquantitative RT-PCR technique in keloid tissue and adjacent uninvolved skin from30patients.The expression of CTGF pro-tein was determined by SP immunohistochemistry in5keloid tissues and5normal skin samples.Results Compared with normal controls,the mean levels of CTGF mRNA expression were significantly increased in both keloid lesions and adjacent uninvolved skin(P0.01).There was no correlation between CTGF mR-NA expression and the course of keloids(P0.05).In immunohistochemistry study,CTGF protein was strongly expressed in keloid tissue,whereas it was not expressed in normal skin.Transitional phenomenon was observed from strong to weak expression of CTGF protein at the edge of keloid tissue.Conclusion These findings suggest that CTGF may be related to the development of persistent fibrotic tissue formation in keloids.CTGF may be a new potential target for the therapeutic intervention of keloids.
This study was designed to evaluate the effects of oral administration of extracts from Cochinchina momordica seed (ECMS) or Quillaja saponaria-A (Quil-A) on the immune responses in mice immunized with foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV)-serotype O vaccine. Forty-two imprinting control region (ICR) mice were randomly divided into seven groups of 6 animals in each group, and a dose of 400 μg of Quil-A or ECMS was orally administered for 1,, 2 or 3 days. After that, the animals were subcutaneously immunized twice with FMD vaccine at 3-week intervals and blood samples were collected 2-weeks after boosting for measurement of FMDV-specific IgG and its subclasses. Spleens were collected for lymphocytes proliferation assay. Results indicated that serum FMDV-specific IgG and the IgG subclass responses were significantly enhanced in mice orally administered ECMS or Quil-A when compared with the control group (p<0.05). Lymphocytes proliferation response to FMD vaccine was significantly enhanced by ECMS compared with the control (p<0.05). This study illustrates that ECMS induced immunomodulatory effects and performed better than Quil-A.
Objective To probe into the results of myelograms and bone marrow biopsies in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome(MDS) diagnosed initialy.Method The clinical manifestations,results of myelograms,hematological test and bone marrow biopsies in 124 cases of MDS were analyzed.Results There was anemia in all 124 cases.In a part of them,there were pancytopenia.Abnormal locolization of infantile cell prophase(ALIP)of bone marrow biopsies and abnormal hematopoiesis of myelogram in three systems(RBC,WBC,PLT) or two or one were found.Conclusions Abnormal hematopoiesis is the key to the diagnosis of MDS.According to the myelogram,it could be diagnosed easily after eliminating other similar diseases.Synchronous bone marrow biopsies could raise the detective ratio.
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