Rural preschool teachers are an important part of rural education, and the construction of rural preschool teachers is the time. At present, the rural preschool teachers in Zigong City have some problems, such as unbalanced title structure, less training opportunities, single supplement channels and lack of local feelings. In order to accelerate the construction of preschool education legislation, improve the training of rural preschool teachers, expand the supplementary mechanism of rural preschool teachers, and cultivate rural preschool teachers' local feelings, we should promote the construction of rural preschool teachers.
This study examines the association between firm executives' ex-military backgrounds and audit fees. We find that auditors tend to charge lower fees from clients with ex-military executives than clients without ex-military executives. This finding holds for various robustness tests, including a change model using executive turnovers, instrumental variable estimation and a propensity score matching method. Further analyses indicate that the negative association between audit fees and military experience is more pronounced in non-state-owned entities, in more complex firms and firms with CEO/chairman duality. Finally, we show that firms with ex-military executives are more likely to have better information transparency and more minor internal control weakness, issue fewer financial restatements and are less likely to be involved in litigation. This suggests that the lower audit pricing can be partially attributed to reduced inherent and control risks. This paper demonstrates that executives' life experiences can affect auditors' risk perceptions and audit pricing.
Background Butyrate, one of Short‐chain fatty acids, is end product produced from the fermentation of complex carbohydrates by the gut microbiota. Recently, sodium butyrate (NaBu) is found to play protective roles in a number of chronic diseases. However, it is still unclear whether NaBu processes a therapeutic potential in hypertension. The present study was aimed to investigate the role of NaBu in Ang II‐induced hypertension and further explore the underlying mechanism. Methods Ang II (200 ng/min) was infused in uninephrectomized Sprague‐Dawley rats plus intramedullary infusion of NaBu (1μg/kg·min) or not for 14 days. Blood pressure were monitored by the telemetry system. The renal tissues and serum samples as well as the last 24‐hour urine samples were collected to examine renal injury and regulation of (pro)renin receptor (PRR) and renin. Results Intramedullary infusion of NaBu in Sprague‐Dawley rats lowered the Ang II‐induced mean arterial pressure from 128.8 ± 6.2 mmHg to 108.0 ± 3.9 mmHg (P<0.01). This was paralleled with improvement of Ang II‐induced renal injury, including urinary albumin (μg/24h: Ctrl 270.7±49.2 vs AngII 1012.0±219.2 vs AngII‐NaBu 449.4±73.3, P<0.05), glomerulosclerosis (GDI: Ctrl 1.48±0.08 vs AngII 2.70±0.06 vs AngII‐NaBu 1.68±0.08, P<0.01), and renal fibrosis (α‐SMA protein: Ctrl 1.00±0.06 vs AngII 1.38±0.05 vs AngII‐NaBu 0.64±0.05, P<0.01), as well as the expression of inflammatory mediators TNF‐α and IL‐6. The renal protein expression of (pro)renin receptor, urinary excretion of soluble (pro)renin receptor and renin were all increased by AngII infusion but decreased by NaBu treatment. In cultured IMCD cells, NaBu treatment attenuated AngII‐induced expression of PRR and renin. Conclusion These results demonstrated NaBu exerts antihypertensive action likely via suppressing PRR‐mediated intrarenal RAS. Support or Funding Information This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant No. 91439205, No. 31330037 and No. 81600322; Fundamental Research Funds of Sun Yat‐sen University 16ykpy47; Veterans Affairs Merit Review, and National Institutes of Health Grant DK094956. T. Yang is Research Career Scientist in the Department of Veterans Affairs.
Accelerated bridge construction has received widespread attention globally owing to its cost-effectiveness. The integrity of the connections between precast bridge piers and other members of the structure is crucial for developing assembly substructures. This issue was examined in the present study. A novel corrugated steel tube socket connection (CSSC) was developed for column–foundation connections. The CSSC method is a rapid bridge construction method in which a prefabricated corrugated steel tubular concrete column and a corrugated steel pipe in the foundation are connected using concrete or ultra-high-performance concrete. A vertical monotonic static load experiment was performed on six CSSC specimens and one cast-in-place (CIP) specimen to investigate the slip performance, failure modes, and load-transfer mechanism. The side shear performances was compared among specimens with different parameters (connection method, embedment depth, presence of studs, and presence of concrete under the columns). The experimental results indicated that the CSSC specimens had better ductility values and higher axial bearing capacities than the CIP specimen. Increasing the embedment depth, adding studs, and adding concrete under the columns increased the ultimate bearing capacity. To accurately estimate the side shear performance of the CSSC, a reliable finite-element model was developed. An additional parametric analysis was performed to investigate the effects of different parameters on the vertical performance. The CSSC is effective connection type in the prefabricated column-foundation connection and is suitable for bridge high-gravity superstructures. Finally, design recommendations regarding the construction details of the CSSC were presented.
Prostate cancer (PCa) becomes lethal when cancer cells develop into castration-resistant PCa (CRPC). Androgen receptor (AR) gene mutation, altered AR regulation, or overexpression of AR often found in CRPC is believed to become one of the key factors to the lethal phenotype. Here we identify Slug, a member of the Snail family of zinc-finger transcription factors associated with cancer metastasis, as a unique androgen-responsive gene in PCa cells. In addition, the presence of constitutively active AR can induce Slug expression in a ligand-independent manner. Slug overexpression will increase AR protein expression and form a complex with AR. In addition, Slug appears to be a novel coactivator to enhance AR transcriptional activities and AR-mediated cell growth with or without androgen. In vivo, elevated Slug expression provides a growth advantage for PCa cells in androgen-deprived conditions. Most importantly, these observations were validated by several data sets from tissue microarrays. Overall, there is a reciprocal regulation between Slug and AR not only in transcriptional regulation but also in protein bioactivity, and Slug-AR complex plays an important role in accelerating the androgen-independent outgrowth of CRPC.
In this study,we developed a novel cake with the addition of duck and optimize the formula and making process using one-factor-at-a-time combined with orthogonal array design method.The optimal formula and making process were found to be: duck-pork fat mixture at a ratio of 8:2,0.03%β-cyclodextrin,0.08% compound spices,200 ℃ baking temperature and 25 min baking time.The resulting duck cake was excellent in springiness,pores on the cross-section,taste,tenderness,flavor and color with a sensory evaluation score of 87.30.The proposed process is feasible and can provide nutritional and convenience products,suggesting promising application potential.
Economies with Pay-as-you-go (PAYGO) systems and rapidly aging populations often experience pension shortfall, leading to lower public investment and depressed economic growth. In this paper, we study the macroeconomic and welfare implications of a financing policy reform that allows the government to raise pension funds with public debt. In an optimal policy problem based on an overlapping generation (OLG) model calibrated to China, the reform expands the set of policy parameters in which the economy converges to a nontrivial steady-state growth path, allowing room for less draconian fiscal policy changes in attaining financial sustainability. Under laissez-faire, pension shortfall crowds out public investment, and the economy spirals into long-term recession due to low public capital. By allowing debt financing, public capital remains high, the shortfall narrows, and productive capital return services the issued debt, resulting in sustainable social security and economic growth. Our quantitative exercises also show that the financing policy reform is welfare improving relative to the laissez-faire and conventional replacement and contribution rate reforms.
Abstract This paper examines the career mobility and performance evaluation of the leaders of China's state-owned enterprises (SOEs) at the central, provincial and prefectural levels. Using data on executive turnover within publicly listed SOEs, we find that central and local SOE leaders have a similar career flow pattern. Specifically, vertical mobility within the same business group is common and more than 60 per cent of SOE leaders leave their office within three years. Only a minority of SOE leaders achieve political promotion. We also find that performance evaluation criteria are different across central and local SOEs. The leaders who provide better economic outcomes for central SOEs obtain a higher evaluation score, while close political connections boost the promotion prospects of local SOE leaders. Overall, our findings provide granular evidence on the personnel management of China's SOEs from a comparative perspective.
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