The aim of this research was to determine the copro-prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with repetitive 529 bp gene and to construct the phylogenetic tree of Toxoplasma oocyst from pet cats in Yogyakarta.9 of 132 pet cat samples which serologically positive for Toxoplasma were used in this research. To determine the copro-prevalence of T. gondii in pet cat, 10 g of feces samples taken from practitioners and household cats in Yogyakarta were used in the PCR method utilizing repetitive 529 bp gene sequences.The result shows that copro-prevalence by PCR using repetitive 529 bp gene was 33.3% (3/9). The phylogenetic tree of Toxoplasma grouped into two clades, which clade 1 consists of Toxoplasma isolates collected from pet cats in Yogyakarta Indonesia and T. gondii isolates from China and in clade 2 consist of the T. gondii isolates from India.Copro-prevalence of T. gondii in pet cats in Yogyakarta by means of PCR using repetitive 529 bp gene is around 33.3%.
This study aims “The Number of Seeds and Pruning of Maize Yields (Zea mayz L). The research was conducted in April to December in the village of Pandes, Wedi Subdistrict, Klaten Regency, Central Java Province. High land 115 m type soil Vertosol. This research used a completely random factorial 2 x 4 randomized Block design. The First factor is the number of corn seeds per planting hole (B), consisting of 2 levels B1: 1 seed per planting hole with a spasing (column) of 20 cm, B2: 2 seeds per planting hole white a inter spasing (row) 40 cm. The second factor is pruning (P), consisting of 4 levels: P0 white out pruning (control), P1 pruning leaves under the corn cob, P3 pruning male lowers (tassel) and P4 in combination. Results, all treatment parameter had no interaction, except the weight of corn seeds per cob. All treatment parameter was not significantly different except the weight of corn kernels per corn cob. The largest seed weight is the combination of B1P2 (183,93 grams per corn cob, number of seeds 1 grain planting hole with pruning of leaves and male lowers. The smallest seed weight is the combination of B1P0 (176,88 grams per corn cob, number of seeds 1 grain planting hole without pruning. Keywords: number of seeds, pruning, yields
Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE The low efficiency of Phosphate fertilization on wetland rice may be overcame by using quickly dissolve P fertilizer. However, for soils containing high dissolve Fe, such as Alfisol and Oxisol, will induce the formation of Fe-P bonding. Therefore, to use the quickly dissolve P fertilizer in such soils should be done by split application. The research aimed to assess better P fertilization method for wetland rice which used quickly dissolve P fertilizer given in split application. The research concluded that the application of quickly dissolve P fertilizer to Alfisol and Oxisol which was applied in split application by twice (0 and 30 days after planting) and three times (0, 15 and 30 days after planting) increased the eficiency of P fertilization in wetland rice. The split application of 75 kgs perhectare (one half of recommended dose) in Alfisol yielded dry seed as high as 6,374 kgs per hectare (at the twice application), 6,280 kgs per hectare (the three times application)c while the control treatment yielded as high as 6,027 kgs per hectare. In Oxisol the yield of rice was 8,200 kgs per hectare fo the control treatment, 8,027 kgs per hectare for the twice application and 8,440 kgs per hectare for the three time applications.
Fertilization in agricultural cultivation has an important role in the carbon cycle. This study aims to evaluate using organic fertilizers with inorganic fertilizers that can produce high carbon sequestration with low CO2 emission levels in maize (Zea mays L.) cultivation. There were seven combinations of NPK and organic fertilizers, namely ¼ NPK + 1 OF (C), ½ NPK + 1 OF (D), ¾ NPK + 1 OF (E), 1 NPK + 1 OF (F), ¾ NPK + ¼ OF (G), ¾ NPK + ½ OF (H), ¾ NPK + ¾ OF (I), and two controls, namely no fertilizer (A) and standard NPK (350 kg/ha, SP36 150 kg/ha, KCl 75 kg/ha) (B). Organic fertilizer was applied one week before planting, SP-36 and KCl fertilizer at planting, and urea fertilizer at 0, 14, and 28 HST. Maize was planted with a spacing of 20 x 70 cm. Parameters observed included CO2 emissions, soil pH, C-Organic, C-microbial, and plant growth parameters. The combined use of NPK and organic fertilizer significantly increased soil carbon stocks (33.25-64.04 Mg/ha) and carbon sequestration by plants (3.76-5.98 Mg/ha). Therefore, using organic and inorganic fertilizer can be considered more environmentally friendly and effective in managing carbon balance on farmland and has great potential to contribute to climate change mitigation through increased soil and plant carbon sequestration.
Vertisols is one of the soils with problems in nutrient availability, necessitating nutrient input in the form of fertilizer. The continuous use of inorganic fertilizers can negatively impact soil quality and the environment. Thus, it is essential to reduce their use and balance them with manure. This study aims to evaluate the ef fect of combining inorganic fertilizers with manure on improving the availability of Vertisols nutrients and the growth and yield of sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata). The research was conducted in Sidokerto, Plupuh, Sragen, from March 2023 to August 2023, using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 9 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments included a control (A), NPK recommendation (B), manure (C), and combinations of manure and inorganic fertilizer at predetermined doses. The observation variables were C-Organic, CEC, Total-N, P-Available, K-Available, chlorophyll, and the growth and yield of corn. The results showed that the application of ¾ NPK + 1500 kg ha-1 of manure increased N-Total by 38%, P-Available by 38.68%, K-Available by 57%, chlorophyll by 29%, plant height by 28.25%, number of leaves by 20%, stem diameter by 22.89%, cob weight by 31%, cob length by 48%, and cob diameter by 29% compared to the standard NPK treatment. Application of manure and inorganic fertilizers can increase the availability of N, P, K nutrients in Vertisols, growth, and yield of sweet corn.
Toxoplasma gondii is one of the opportunistic pathogen that causes toxoplasmosis. Infection of Toxoplasma gondii has been estimated as high both in human and animal. The manifestation of infection were abortion, hydrocephalus, brain calcification, chorioretinal scar, and loss of productivity even to death in patients with acquired immunosuppression. Early diagnostic method which are rapid and accurate is essential for T. gondii detection because of its high prevalence. The purpose of this study was to develop a sensitive probes derived from Surface Antigen 1 (SAG1) for detection T. gondii and to examine the specificity and sensitivity of probe as diagnostic tool for toxoplasmosis. This research used SAG1 gene of T. gondii local isolate IS-1 that was cloned into pGEX-2T and transformed into Eschericia coli DH5α. The sequence of SAG1 was labeled with DIGoxigenin (non radioactive labeled) using PCR DIG Labeling Mix to derive 213 bp (probe-TS). BLAST and dot-blot hybridization analyses showed that probes had high specifity with other strains of T. gondii. Probe was able to detect T. gondii DNAup to 10 ng/μl of total sample DNA.
Alfisols have low fertility, so fertilization is carried out to increase soil fertility and support the growth of maize plants. The continuous use of inorganic fertilizers in high quantities can cause land degradation, so it is necessary to reduce the amount by adding other fertilizers, such as organic fertilizers, as well as the relatively high price of inorganic fertilizers. This research was aimed to examine the potential of organic fertilizers in replacing inorganic fertilizers. The experimental design was a completely randomized block design with nine combination treatments of organic and inorganic fertilizers with three replications. The results showed fertilizer treatment ½ NPK + 1 PO affected and increased levels of organic C, CEC, base saturation, total N, and available P in Alfisols and maize yield. However, it did not significantly affect pH, base saturation and available S in Alfisols. The chemical properties of the soil had increased values of 48%, 9.01%, 61.3%, and 134.5%, respectively. The treatment of ½ NPK + 1 PO increased maize productivity by 47.76% compared to the control with the productivity of 12.7 t ha-1, which the results were not significantly different from standard NPK. Thus, the application of 10 t ha-1 of organic fertilizer has the potential to replace ½ doses of inorganic fertilizer.
Background and Aim: Avian pox is a contagious disease caused by the avian pox virus (APV). Mangostin and γ-mangostin in mangosteen rind (MR) and gingerol in red ginger (RG) exhibit antiviral activity. In this study, we evaluated the effect of MR and RG ethanolic extracts on APV based on pock lesions on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of specific pathogen-free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs). Materials and Methods: Three APVs from chicken isolates (C1, C2, and C3), one APV from a pigeon isolate (P), 1.5% and 3% MR ethanolic extract, 5% and 10% RG ethanolic extract, and a combination of 1.5% MR and 5% RG at 0.1 mL/ egg were inoculated in ovo (7th day incubation, chorioallantoic route) in SPF ECEs. A control group inoculated in ovo with APV alone was also established. Each treatment consisted of three replicates. Parameters including embryo survival, CAM lesions, and average number of pock lesions were determined. Results: In ovo inoculation of MR and RG ethanolic extracts was not harmful to the ECEs and did not induce CAM lesions. The average number of pock lesions in the control group (C1, C2, C3, and P) was 35, 14, 10, and 17, respectively, whereas in all treatment groups, the number was 0, except in the 5% RG group of C1, which had a value of 10. Conclusion: In ovo inoculation of 1.5% and 3% MR, 5% and 10% RG, and the combination of 1.5% MR plus 5% RG ethanolic extract s at 0.1 mL/egg inhibit APV by reducing the number of pock lesions on the CAM of the ECE.
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of global concern, and is caused by pathogenic serovar Leptospira interrogans. Canine Leptospirososis is widespread worldwide, dogs can act as incidental hosts or maintenance hosts for various serovars. The purpose of this research was to identify leptospire serovars that infect healthy and suspected leptospirosis dogs in Yogyakarta. A total of 56 dogs (36 healthy dogs and 20 suspect leptospirosis dogs) sera were taken from cephalica vein as much as 3 ml. Sera were examined for leptospirosis with Microscopic Aglutination Test (MAT) which conducted at the Research Center for Veterinary Science, Bogor. Microscopic Aglutination Test carried out on various Leptospire serovar, namely: Ichterohaemorrhagiae, Javanica, Celledoni, Ballum, Pyogenes, Cynopeteri, Rachmati, Australis, Pomona, Canicola, Grippotyphosa, Bataviae, Hardjo, and Tarrasovi. The results showed that Celledoni serovars infected 25% of healthy dogs and 5% of suspect leptospirosis dogs, Javanica serovar infected 19% of healthy dogs, Bataviae serovars infected 15% of suspect leptospirosis dogs, Grippotyphosa serovar infected 11% of healthy dogs, Tarrasovi serovar infected 10% of suspect leptospirosis dogs, serovars Cynopteri infects 5% of healthy dogs and 5% of suspect leptospirosis dogs, serovar Pyrogenes infects 5% of healthy dogs and 5% of suspect leptospirosis dogs, and serovar Rachmati infects 5% of suspect leptospirosis dogs. Seven healthy dogs (19%) and 2 suspect leptospirosis dogs (10%) were infected with more than 2 leptospire serovars. From the results of this study it can be concluded that Celledoni serovar of Leptospira interrogans infection causes subclinical leptospirosis, while Bataviae serovar infection causes clinical leptospirosis in dogs in Yogyakarta.
