Nowadays, supercapacitors and batteries are trending electrochemical energy storage devices. However, their low energy density and uncertain power density limited their application respectively. Recently, the latest innovation in energy storage devices, called hybrid supercapacitors have appeared as an eventual energy storage device that demonstrates a hybrid storage mechanism of both supercapacitors and batteries. In this work, MoS2 has been prepared by the facile hydrothermal method, characterized by different techniques, and applied as an electrode in supercapacitors and supercapatteries. The X-ray diffraction patterns and EDX confirm the successful synthesis of MoS2 with an average crystallite size of 62.25 nm, while the SEM images show the randomly orientated nano worms of MoS2. The XPS spectrum depicts the presence of variable oxidation states of molybdenum (Mo4+and Mo6+) in the MoS2. The electrochemical performance shows that the highest specific capacitance and specific capacity reached 1866.66 F/g and 1119.99 C/g, respectively, at a scan rate of 5mV/s for MoS2. The asymmetric supercapacitor device is made from (Graphite/MoS2) using as a working electrode and activated carbon as a cathode which is separated by filter paper. The evaluation of capacitive and battery mechanisms shows the dominant role of diffusive and surface-controlled developments at low and high scan rates, respectively, owing to the change in diffusion time of electrolyte species. The fabricated device shows the energy density and power density of 103.51 Wh/kg and 3807.59 W/kg at a current density of 1 and 7 A/g, respectively with 93.52 % capacity stability and 99.8 % coulombic efficiency. This satisfactory performance of MoS2 is believed to be a potential electrode candidate for asymmetric supercapacitor application.
Plastics are widely used in daily life, producing complications in the environment. Plastic materials are discharged into the surroundings, harmful to the health of people, animals, and plants and damaging marine life. Human health is spoiled by polystyrene, which is a type of plastic. In farming areas, plastics can restrict liquid and air association through the clays, thus lessening the efficiency of much-needed farmlands. Briefly, plastic contamination is one of the significant environmental problems. Plastic consumption is challenging because it requires more time and high cost. So, in the current research study, pyrolysis was used to reduce plastic waste. Firstly, a renewable source is used to electrolyze the water and HHO gas is produced. Then it was determined that the required HHO gas is used for pyrolysis for plastic consumption, and the required HHO gasis produced perunit of time. SOLIDWORKS software is used in this approach to design a model and perform CFD analysis. Oxy-hydrogen gas is used for the pyrolysis of plastic. COCO Simulation Software is used to simulate the pyrolysis of plastic. Asa resultof pyrolysis,most of theproduct is in liquid oilform.
Abstract This work reports the synthesis of molybdenum based manganese oxide nanomaterials named as ( CH1 ‐ CH5 ) via a facile hydrothermal approach. Nanomaterials were characterized through Powder XRD, SEM, BET, UV‐Vis, Photoluminescence, and FTIR analysis. Structural characterization revealed triclinic crystal structure of nanomaterials having particle sizes in the range of 23.08–52.7 nm with very low levels of microstrain levels (<0.05) and dislocation densities. Surface areas were found to be in the range of 42.37–52.32 m 2 /g with mesoporous structures and solid bar and cross surface morphology. Optical band gaps (E g ) calculated from absorption data was found to be in the range of 4.65–4.75 eV for direct transitions whereas 4.60–4.74 eV for indirect transitions. The E g calculated from emission data was found to be in the range of 2.42–2.67 eV. Absorption edge broadening was investigated by urbach energy (E U ) calculated to be in the range of 1.23–1.51 eV whereas fermi energy (E f ) were obtained as 4.66–4.72 eV. Refractive index (n) was calculated to be in the range of 0.13–0.21 whereas high values obtained for real and imaginary parts of dielectric constants (ϵ) indicating polarization relaxation in synthesized materials. The calculated structural and optical characteristics indicates that these materials can be potential candidates for optoelectronic and catalytic applications.
The key objective of the research is to calculate and design the Small Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) that can meet Pakistan's energy needs. This is the plan for producing approximately 20 kW of electricity to distribute the load used by common household appliances. This study will focus on Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan, where a wind turbine is considered to generate electricity. The appropriate design is required to make the turbine more efficient and decreases the cost. Q-blade wind turbine software verifies the design parameters. The maximum power factor is achieved at the design speed of 8 m/s. Design analysis is also performed in Q-blade wind turbine simulation software.
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