The geometrical morphology of the weak links on wool fibres has been described, classified and characterized by means of the observation of scanning electron microscope (SEM). The weak-links of wool fibres in geometrical structure involve two sorts of forms, i.e. the thin parts and the structural flaws of the fibres. The experimental results from a series of the SEM photographs indicate that i) the natural defects and artificial damages are the main reason resulting in the structural flaws; ii) the geometric dimension of the fibre weak-links are 2-4 times as big as the average fibre-diameter; and iii) the more the morphological structural weak-links are, the large the variation of the fibre diameter and the lower the fibre strength and extension.
The properties of the dyed top were measured using SIROLAN-TENSOR bundle strength tester,and the impact of its damage resulting from dyeing on spinning and yarn quality was analyzed.The findings show that,after dyeing,the mean loss values of tenacity,elongation at break and work-to-break of the dyed top are 5.79%,14.23% and 9.67% respectively,while the initial modulus increases by 93.52%.And broken ends,yarn CV,thick and thin places increase with the increasing of the initial modulus.
The high magnification images of the surface on the fiber aggregation of cashmere and wool fiber was collected by using a reflection-type dark-field lighting unit fixture,and 4 surface characteristic parameters of the fibers by the same image were integrally extracted by using image processing methods,then the proportion of wool and cashmere was calculated by the use of Bayesian statistical classification model.The results showed that the identification accuracy is up to 87.5%.
Myosin is a main factor affecting the features of fiber contraction.Exercise may cause different variations of myosin and therefore affect the speed and endurance of athletes.The paper elaborates on the effects of strength training and endurance training on convertion of muscle fiber type,hypertrophy and hyperplasia of muscle fibers as well as the time of convertion of muscle fiber types.
As an advanced and mature tool,the swimming flume can be used to enhance the research and training ability effectively in the field of competitive swimming.The air bubbles appearing in the flume influence the observation on athlete's movement but are difficult to be removed or deduced.The authors investigated the flowing characteristics in the flume and present in this paper the relationship between the air bubbles appearing and the configuration of the flume.On the basis of the motion analyses of air bubbles,some proposals to flume design for deducing the air bubbles in the flume are presented and can be helpful to the future design.
Highly stretchable and conductive yarns have attracted considerable interest as the building blocks for the next generation of wearable textiles. A method for producing tri-component elastic-conductive composite yarns (t-ECCYs) was reported previously. The objectives of this research were to investigate the thermal response and stability of a single t-ECCY, in fabric form, under different voltages and strain loads. The investigation showed that the yarn responded rapidly in terms of thermal response and showed a uniform surface temperature distribution under various applied voltages and strain deformations conditions. The stability of the yarn was also confirmed by alternating voltage on–off cycles. The performances of the yarn both in static and dynamic modes demonstrated its potentials in applying specific but uniform heat to garments. The results indicated that the t-ECCY-decorated knit fabrics were not only suitable for functions such as displaying and local heating, but also possessed good cyclic stability with little degradation in their functional properties after 50 cyclic, expand–release strain tests. The straightforward fabrication and excellent multifunctional features of the yarn represent a significant step forward in the further design and development of topologically complex, stretchable and wearable heating electronics.
Fibre bundle testing is different from single-fibre measurement, not only in testing methods and instruments, but in the results obtained. For wool fibres, Sirolan-TENSOR can supply fibre-bundle tenacity (BS) and bundle extension ( BE), but has some limitations on the analysis of the measured tensile curves of fibre bundles. It has not only raised new parameters, such as initial modulus (BM) and specific work of rupture (BW), as well as the specific work before or after the peak-point(WBP or WAP) and the ratios of WAP/WBP and WAP/BW, but also compared the tensile behaviour of different fibre-bundles, e.g. wool, polyester and viscose rayon fibre-bundles. The experimental results from 32 lots of wool tops show that there are correlations between bundle tensile properties, such as BS-BE, BS-BM, BS-BW, BE-BW and BM-BW. However, the variables of coefficients of variance (CV) are almost independent of each other and have no correlation with the average values of fibre bundle tensile parameters, except for BS-CVBM and CVBM-BW.
X-ray computed tomography (CT) can quantify variations in microstructure of materials. In this paper, we first demonstrated that by using a micro-CT method, we can characterize the internal porous structures of different fiber assemblies. Furthermore, the fractal dimension of the porous areas can be calculated based on the acquired two-dimensional cross-sectional images of the assemblies. Then after measuring the sound absorption behaviors of the assemblies, correlations between the fractal dimension, the pore structural characteristics, and the acoustic absorption property are analyzed. Results show that for down fiber assemblies, the fractal dimension increases with fiber mass, and decreases with the porosity. Also the maximum absorption coefficient α m reaches a maximum value at a critical fractal dimension, while critical frequency f r continuously decreases with the fractal dimension all the time.
In order to study the method to determine the blended ratio of the soybean protein fibers, the calculation of the mean and standard deviation of the blended ratio of soybean protein fiber/Polyester (65/35) blended yarn by the statistical theory and density gradient method is discussed in this paper. The method can derive not only the mean but also the standard deviation of the blended ratio of the soybean protein fiber/polyester brended yarn. The control range of blended ratio of roving and ring-spun yarn is (63.63%, 65, 32%) and (64.16%, 66.17%). The control range of the standard deviation of roving and ring-spun yarn is 2.89% and 3.56%. The blended ratio of the ring-spun yarn by the chemical dissolution is 65.5% at the same time. The error of the two methods is only 1.1%.
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