TiO 2 (np) has been found to be an effective catalyst over ZrO 2 (np) for improving the hydrogen storage characteristics of NaAlH 4 . TiO 2 catalyst reduces the activation energy of NaAlH 4 to a better extent than ZrO 2 . In the reversibly hydrogenated materials, a substantial reduction in the dehydrogenation temperature could be achieved using TiO 2 catalyst. Such effect was not observed through ZrO 2 . The activation energy of the reversibly hydrogenated NaAlH 4 catalyzed by TiO 2 nanoparticles obtained in the present study (60 kJ/mol H 2 ) is smaller than that of TiO 2 : NaAlH 4 starting material (101.9 kJ/mol H 2 ). The stability of the intermediate phase Na 3 AlH 6 in the presence of TiO 2 catalyst was studied through TPD and TPA analysis. XRD analysis confirms that only TiO 2 gets reduced during dehydrogenation; therefore, the observed effect is attributed to the consequence of reduction of TiO 2 .
Introduction: Histone deacetylase (HDAC) 6 functions to remove acetyl groups from lysine residues on histone and non-histone proteins. We showed that the augmented activity of HDAC6 in diabetic mice undergoing myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI) was associated with mitochondrial damage. However, it remains unclear how the inhibition of HDAC6 activity affects post-MIRI cardiac remodeling and function in type 2 diabetes. Hypothesis: HDAC6 inhibition suppresses adverse cardiac remodeling and improves mitochondrial dynamics and cardiac function after MIRI in type 2 diabetic mice. Methods: Type 2 diabetic db/db, db/+, and C57BL/6 mice underwent coronary artery occlusion for 20 min followed by reperfusion. Tubastatin A, a selective inhibitor of HDAC6, was injected intraperitoneally 60 min before coronary artery occlusion and once daily after surgery. Mouse hearts were evaluated with echocardiography 28 days after surgery. Myocardium was imaged using electron microscopy, and the expression of mitochondrial dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) and fission 1 was measured by Western blotting analysis. H9c2 cardiomyocytes were subjected to hypoxia for 3 hours followed by normoxia for 24 hours in the presence of 5.5- or 25.0-mM D-dextrose and tubastatin A or vehicle. Results: There were no significant differences in the activity of HDAC6, left ventricular diameters and fractional shortening, mitochondrial density volume and surface area, and the ratios of DRP1/GAPDH and fission 1/GAPDH between the db/+ and C57BL/6 groups. Compared to both db/+ and C57BL/6 groups, HDAC6 activity was lower, left ventricular diameters at both end diastole and end systole were longer, fractional shortening and mitochondrial surface area were smaller, and the expression of DRP1 and fission 1 was increased in the db/db group 28 days after MIRI. Interestingly, 10 mg/kg Tubastatin A significantly mitigated these effects of MIRI in db/db mice. Hypoxia/reoxygenation in the presence of 25.0-mM D-dextrose augmented HDAC6 activity and increased the expression of DRP1 and FIS1, which were blocked by Tubastatin A. Conclusions: Tubastatin A prevents post-MIRI cardiac remodeling and improves cardiac function by limiting mitochondrial fission in type 2 diabetic mice.
Abstract Direct air capture (DAC) can help in reduction of atmospheric CO 2 levels by capturing CO 2 from disperse emission sources. We analyze DAC process through solid adsorbent and perform comprehensive energy and techno‐economic analysis for different parametric scenarios. The parameters are varied such that it reflects list of possible cases of DAC solid adsorbent systems ranging from worst case to best case situations. A mid‐range estimate has also been analyzed which considers the parameter values feasible with the current state of the art. The modeling results for the mid‐range estimate indicate that the cost of DAC lies between $86 and 221 per tCO 2 , the thermal energy range varies from 3.4 to 4.8 GJ per tCO 2 captured and the electrical energy range varies from 0.55 to 1.12 GJ per tCO 2 captured. For the best and worst case scenarios, the cost of DAC ranges from $14 to 1,065 per tCO2, thermal energy ranges from 1.85 to 19.30 per tCO 2 captured and the electrical energy ranges from 0.08 to 3.79 GJ per tCO 2 captured. Flux and intensity estimates have been performed which shows higher flux and lower intensity of DAC process as compared to a tropical tree.
Background: For preclinical evaluations of radiopharmaceuticals, most studies are carried out on mice. Values of electron specific absorbed fractions (SAF) have had vital role in the assessment of absorbed dose. In past studies, electron specific absorbed fractions were given for limited source target pairs using older reports of human organ compositions. Objective: Electron specific absorbed fraction values for monoenergetic electrons of energies 15, 50, 100, 500, 1000 and 4000 keV were evaluated for the Digimouse voxel phantom incorporated in Monte Carlo code FLUKA. The organ sources considered in this study were lungs, skeleton, heart, bladder, testis, stomach, spleen, pancreas, liver, kidney, adrenal, eye and brain. The considered target organs were lungs, skeleton, heart, bladder, testis, stomach, spleen, pancreas, liver, kidney, adrenal and brain. Eye and brain were considered as target organs only for eye and brain as source organs. From the latest report (International Commission on Radiological Protection ICRP) publication number 110, organ compositions and densities were adopted. Results: The electron specific absorbed fraction values for self-irradiation decreases with increasing electron energy. The electron specific absorbed fraction values for cross-irradiation are also found to be dependent on the electron energy and the geometries of source and target. Organ masses and electron specific absorbed fraction values are presented in tabular form. Conclusion: The results of this study will be useful in evaluating the absorbed dose to various organs of mice similar in size to the present study.
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