Abstract This paper presents new empirical evidence on the effect of population aging on economic growth in China. Aging is widely assumed to impact economic growth by shaping the labor market performance and human capital. Using an interactive fixed effects model and a provincial panel data set during 1990–2015, and also exploiting the predicted province‐by‐year variation in population aging fraction as an instrument, we examine the impact of population aging on the growth rate of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, labor force ratio, and labor productivity. The results show that a 10% increase in the fraction of the population aged 65+ decreases the growth rate of GDP per capita by approximately 2%. Furthermore, channel decomposition shows that half of the decrease is due to slower growth of the labor force ratio, whereas the rest may be due to slower productivity growth. In addition, the negative effect of aging on GDP growth is more substantial after the year 2000, and the effect of aging on the labor force ratio and productivity shows different patterns during different periods.
Cadmium (Cd) has the potential to be chronically toxic to humans through contaminated crop products. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can move systemically in plants. To investigate the roles of long-distance moving xylem miRNAs in regulating maize response to Cd stress, three xylem sap small RNA (sRNA) libraries were constructed for high-throughput sequencing to identify potential mobile miRNAs in Cd-stressed maize seedlings and their putative targets in maize transcriptomes. In total, about 199 miRNAs (20⁻22 nucleotides) were identified in xylem sap from maize seedlings, including 97 newly discovered miRNAs and 102 known miRNAs. Among them, 10 miRNAs showed differential expression in xylem sap after 1 h of Cd treatment. Two miRNAs target prediction tools, psRNAtarget (reporting the inhibition pattern of cleavage) and DPMIND (discovering Plant MiRNA-Target Interaction with degradome evidence), were used in combination to identify, via bioinformatics, the targets of 199 significantly expressed miRNAs in maize xylem sap. The integrative results of these two bioinformatic tools suggested that 27 xylem sap miRNAs inhibit 34 genes through cleavage with degradome evidence. Moreover, nearly 300 other genes were also the potential miRNAs cleavable targets without available degradome data support, and the majority of them were enriched in abiotic stress response, cell signaling, transcription regulation, as well as metal handling. These approaches and results not only enhanced our understanding of the Cd-responsive long-distance transported miRNAs from the view of xylem sap, but also provided novel insights for predicting the molecular genetic mechanisms mediated by miRNAs.
New adsorbents PAMAM-n.0TMSG (n=1,2,3,4) with thiomalic acid as functional group has been prepared based on polyamidoamine dendrimer modified silica gel and characterized with FTIR, SEM and TG. Microcolumn enrichment and measurement of Pb2+ with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS) was investigated with PAMAM-n.0TMSG (n=1,2,3,4) as adsorbent. The adsorption conditions were optimized. The increase of grafted generation of PAMAM-n.0TMSG could effectively improved the adsorption performance of adsorbents. The adsorption capacity of adsorbents was 14.42, 16.19, 20.79 and 25.32 mg g-1 respectively, With PAMAM-4.0TMSG as adsorbent, microcolumn enrichment and measurement of Pb2+ with GFAAS was proposed. The relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) was 1.4% (n=11) for 0.2 μg mL-1 of Pb2+. The limit of detection (LOD) of 2.9ng mL−1 was achieved. The proposed column enrichment method was applied for detection of Pb2+ in tap water and sea water samples successfully.
A hot blob for near-surface water was identified eastward of New Zealand in the South Pacific in December 2019, which was the second strongest event on record in this region. Its sea surface temperature anomalies reached up to 5 °C, and the anomalous warming penetrated around 40 m deep vertically. From the atmospheric perspective, the anomalous high-pressure system from the surface up to 300 hPa lasted for about 50 days, accompanied by the blocking pattern at 500 hPa and a deep warming air column extending downward to the surface. A mixed-layer heat budget analysis revealed that the surface heat flux term was the primary factor contributing to the development of this hot blob, with more shortwave radiation due to the persistent high-pressure system and lack of clouds as well as higher temperature of the troposphere aloft denoted by sensible heat. The oceanic contribution including the horizontal advection and vertical entrainment was changeable and accounted for less than 50%. Moreover, we used the strongest hot blob event which peaked in December 2001 as another example to evaluate the robustness of results derived from the 2019 case. The results show similar circulation features and driving factors, which indicate the robustness of the above characteristics.
In the context of global climate change and urban expansion, urban residents are encountering greater rainstorm waterlogging risk. Quantifying population exposure to rainstorms is an important component of rainstorm waterlogging risk assessments. This study utilized a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model to simulate the inundation water depth and inundation area resulting from rainstorms, with return periods of 5, 10, 50, and 100 years, in the Xiong’an New Area, and overlaid the gridded population data in 2017 and in 2035 under SSP2 to assess the change in population exposure. The results show that the average inundation depth and area increase were from 0.11 m and 207.9 km2 to 0.18 m and 667.2 km2 as the rainstorm return period increased from once in 5 years to once in 100 years. The greatest water depths in the main urban areas were mainly located in the low-lying areas along the Daqing River. The total population exposed to rainstorm waterlogging for the 5-, 10-, 50-, and 100-year return periods was 0.31, 0.37, 0.50, and 0.53 million, respectively, in 2017. However, this is projected to rise significantly by 2035 under SSP2, increasing 2–4-fold compared with that in 2017 for the four return periods. Specifically, the projected population exposure is expected to be 0.7, 1.0, 1.8, and 2.0 million, respectively. The longer the return period, the greater the increase in population exposure. The proportion of the population exposed at the 0.05–0.2 m water depth to the total population exposure decreases as the return periods increases, whereas the proportion changes in the opposite direction at the 0.2–0.6 m and >0.6 m depth intervals. Spatially, high-exposure areas are concentrated in densely populated main urban regions in the Xiong’an New Area. In the future, more attention should be paid to densely populated low-lying areas and extreme recurrence rainstorm events for urban flood-risk management to ensure population safety and sustainable urban development.
Abstract Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal primary human brain tumor and exhibits multiple molecular aberrations. In this study, we attempted to explore the role of a nuclear transport receptor RanBP17 in carcinogenesis and its underlying mechanisms in GBM. Methods: The relevant information retrieved from the Human Integrated Protein Expression Database (HIPED), TCGA, and Rembrandt was analyzed to evaluate and compare RanBP17 expression in various tissues and cancer types. Next U87 and U251 were used to investigate the effects of RPS15A on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and malignant behaviors of glioma cells. Further, RPS15A-associated signaling pathways were screened based on the data from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database and verified by using RT-PCR and Western blot (WB) assays. Results: RanBP17 was highly expressed in normal brain tissue, and loss or downregulation of RanBP17 was observed in GBM tissue (83/105, 79.05%) and associated with worse survival of patients. Overexpression of RanBP17 suppressed proliferation, migration and invasion of GBM cells in vitro and remarkably inhibited tumor growth in vivo. In addition, RanBP17 silencing promoted EMT of glioma cells via activating the expression of transcriptional factor Snail. Further experiments confirmed that RanBP17 overexpression promoted the export of β-catenin from cell nuclei and retarded wnt/β-catenin signaling. Conversely, knockdown of RanBP17 gene resulted in accumulation of β-catenin in glioblastoma cell nuclei, which, in turn, promoted expression of EMT-related proteins and malignant progression of glioblastoma by combining other transcript genes. Conclusions: RanBP17 expression is significantly lower in GBM compared to normal brain tissue. Silencing RanBP17 accelerates the EMT process and malignant progression of glioblastoma due to the suppressed export of β-catenin from glioblastoma cell nuclei and the resulting inhibition of wnt/β-catenin signaling. Therefore, loss or downregulation of RanBP17 can be considered a negative prognostic factor for survival of GBM patients. Citation Format: Yi Wang, Penyi Guo, Xiaozai Xie, Sina Zhang, Haitao Yu, Lijun Wu, Ziyan Chen, Gang Chen. RanBP17 retards the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and malignant progression of glioblastoma cells by regulating the exportation of beta-catenin from cell nucleus [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2482.
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