Three series of alloys, Ti0.92Zr0.10Cr1.7–xMn0.3Fex (x = 0.2–0.4), Ti0.92Zr0.10Cr1.6–yMnyFe0.4 (y = 0.1–0.7), and Ti0.92+zZr0.10–zCr1.3Mn0.3Fe0.4 (z = 0, 0.015, 0.04), were prepared by induction levitation melting for a metal hydride hydrogen compressor from 8 to 20 MPa at water-bath temperature, with investigation on their crystal structural characteristics and hydrogen storage properties. The results show that a single C14-Laves phase with homogeneous element distribution exists in all of the alloys. The hydrogen ab-/desorption plateau of the alloys is increased as the Fe, Mn, or Ti content increases due to decrement of the interstitial site radius originated from the respective atomic size. The hydrogen storage capacity of the alloys also correlates negatively with the hydrogen affinity of interstitial sites due to the influence of the element electronegativity. In a comprehensive consideration of the hydrogen storage performance for application, the Ti0.935Zr0.085Cr1.3Mn0.3Fe0.4 alloy shows saturated hydrogenation under 8 MPa at 293 K and dehydrogenation around 24.91 MPa pressure at 363 K with a hydrogen capacity of 1.74 wt %, as well as excellent cycling performance and mere hysteresis. The Ti0.92Zr0.10Cr1.0Mn0.6Fe0.4 alloy is another promising candidate with a remarkable hydrogen capacity of 1.86 wt % at 283 K and a dehydrogenation pressure of 27.94 MPa at 363 K, together with a satisfactory cycling durability. This study can guide the compositional design of AB2-type hydrogen storage alloys for hydrogen compression application.
Solid hydrogen storage and supply systems with high density in a hydrogen refueling station are the critical factor to realize large-scale application of hydrogen energy, and one of the biggest challenges is how to ameliorate the extremely large pressure hysteresis of Ce-rich rare-earth-based metal hydrides. In this work, two series of La–Ce–Ca–Ni–Co alloys with single CaCu5-type structure and uniformly distributed elements were prepared via induction levitation melting. With increasing Co content in La0.3Ce0.5Ca0.2Ni5–xCox (x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5) alloys, a staged phase transformation occurs, contributing to a significant improvement in the pressure hysteresis without the monotonical sacrifice of dehydrogenation equilibrium pressure. An equilibrium-state thermal analysis method (ETA) is proposed and well verifies the thermodynamical phase transformation processes. Further first-principles calculations indicate that the enhanced charge synergy and increased charge transfer drive the conversion of staged phase transformation from dynamic to thermodynamically stable pathways. Thus, "dynamically staged phase transformation", nominated as the dynamic realization of thermodynamic staged phase transformation, is more constructive for practical use. Consequently, the optimal composition of La0.25Ce0.55Ca0.2Ni4.5Co0.5 was developed with a saturated hydrogen storage capacity of 1.52 wt %, dehydrogenation equilibrium pressure of 10.68 MPa at 90 °C, and satisfactory cycling durability. The ETA method and composition design concept proposed in this work pave a convenient avenue for wider exploration of high-pressure hydrogen storage alloys.
Deuterium/Tritium (D/T) handling in defined proportions are pivotal to maintain steady-state operation for fusion reactors. However, the hydrogen isotope effect in metal-hydrogen systems always disturbs precise D/T ratio control. Here, we reveal the dominance of kinetic isotope effect during desorption. To reconcile the thermodynamic stability and isotope effect, we demonstrate a quantitative indicator of T
Objective: To study the clinical efficacy of ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation and surgical resection for liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 184 patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer in Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 2012 to June 2017.Percutaneous microwave ablation or surgical resection for liver metastases were selected under ultrasound guidance. Subgroup analysis was performed according to the treatment of liver metastases. There were 98 patients in the microwave-only group (56 males and 42 females, aged (59±11) years) and 86 cases in the surgery-only group (56 males and 30 females, aged (56±11) years). The baseline data of the two groups were compared, and the results showed that the size of the metastatic lesions in the microwave-only group was smaller than that in the surgery-only group, and the remaining data didn't had statistical differences.The survival time of the two groups of patients was analyzed separately.According to the size of the metastases, the metastases were divided into groups with a diameter of<3 cm and a group of ≥3 cm. The survival time of patients in the microwave-only group and the surgery-only group were analyzed respectively.According to the different primary tumor grades of colorectal cancer, the survival time of patients in the simple microwave-only group and the surgery-only group in the primary tumors Duck A, Duck B, and Duck C were analyzed. Results: In the microwave-only group, the overall survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 100%, 50.9%, and 20.9%; in the surgery-only group, the overall survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 100%, 42.8%, and 20.8%, respectively. There was no significant difference in overall survival between the groups (P=0.972).Metastatic focus diameter ≥3 cm: the overall survival rates of 1, 3, and 5 years with microwave-only were 100%, 65.4%, and 12.1%; the overall survival rates of 1, 3, and 5 years with surgery-only were 100%, 59.5%, and 30.9%. There was no significant difference in overall survival between the groups (P=0.067). The long-term survival rate of the surgery-only group was greater than that of the microwave-only group (P=0.018).Metastasis diameter<3 cm: there was no significant difference in overall survival between the surgery-only group and the microwave-only group (P=0.103).In the treatment of Duck B and C liver metastases of primary colorectal cancer, there was no significant difference in overall survival between microwave alone and surgery alone (P=0.376, P=0.385).Multivariate analysis showed that the size of colorectal cancer metastases was an independent risk factor affecting the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases. Conclusions: Percutaneous microwave ablation has a good effect on colorectal cancer liver metastases and has a similar survival prognosis as surgery.For livers with color ≥ 3 cm in colorectal cancer, the long-term survival rate of the surgery-only group is greater than that of the microwave-only group.目的： 比较超声引导下经皮微波消融和手术切除治疗结直肠癌肝转移的临床疗效。 方法： 回顾性分析2012年1月至2017年6月华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院结直肠癌肝转移患者184例，肝转移灶选择超声引导下经皮微波消融或手术切除治疗，根据肝转移灶的治疗方式进行亚组分析，其中单纯微波组98例[男56例、女42例，年龄（59±11）岁]，单纯手术组86例[男56例、女30例，年龄（56±11）岁]，对两组病例基线资料进行比较，单纯微波组的转移灶病灶大小<单纯手术组，余数据差异均无统计学意义。分别分析两组患者的生存时间。根据转移灶大小，将转移灶分为直径<3 cm组和≥3 cm组，分别分析病灶直径<3 cm和≥3 cm中单纯微波组与单纯手术组患者的生存时间。根据不同结直肠癌原发灶等级分析单纯微波组与单纯手术组患者的生存时间。 结果： 单纯微波消融组的1、3、5年总体生存率分别为100%、50.9%、20.9%；单纯手术组的1、3、5年总体生存率分别为100%、42.8%、20.8%，两组总体生存率差异无统计学意义（P=0.972）。转移灶直径≥3 cm，单纯微波消融组的1、3、5年总体生存率为100%、65.4%、12.1%；单纯手术组的1、3、5年总体生存率为100%、59.5%、30.9%，两组总体生存率差异无统计学意义（P=0.067）。单纯手术组长期生存率>单纯微波组（P=0.018）。转移灶直径<3 cm，单纯手术组与单纯微波组总体生存率差异无统计学意义（P=0.103）。在结直肠癌原发灶Duck B、C期肝转移灶治疗中，单纯微波与单纯手术治疗总体生存率差异无统计学意义（P值分别为0.376和0.385）。多因素分析显示结直肠癌转移灶大小是影响结直肠癌肝转移患者预后的独立危险因素。 结论： 超声引导下经皮微波消融对结直肠癌肝转移灶效果好，且与手术治疗有着相似的生存预后。但对于直径≥3 cm结直肠癌肝转移灶，手术治疗远期效果优于超声引导下经皮微波消融。.
Abstract The effective utilization of hydrogen storage materials (HSMs) is hindered by impurity gas poisoning, posing a significant challenge for large‐scale applications. This study elucidates the poisoning mechanisms of various impurities gases (CO, CO 2 , O 2 , Ar, He, CH 4 , N 2 ) on ZrCo, Pd, U and LaNi 5 . Impurities gases are categorized into active and inactive types based on their effecting behaviors and mechanisms on the hydrogenation of HSMs. During the hydrogenation process, active impurities chemically poison the hydrogenation reaction by limiting hydrogen absorption at interface, while inactive impurities physically hinder hydrogenation reaction by impeding hydrogen diffusion in hydrogen‐impurity mixed gas. In situ Scanning Tunneling Microscope clarifies these behaviors, and a novel criterion based on hydrogen spontaneous dissociation energy is introduced to explain and predict impurity–substrate interaction characteristics. The novel findings of this work provide a comprehensive framework for designing long‐lived HSMs with poisoning resistance, guiding the development of more resilient hydrogen storage systems.
'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(23.036 .093 25.536)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(45.87 1.273 16.18)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(69.945 .996 12.078)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(20.66 -19.689 31.932)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e)
