Fibrocytes are emerging myeloid-derived circulating cells that can migrate into damaged tissues and usually contribute to their repair.Key features of fibrocytes include the expression myeloid markers, production of extracellular matrix proteins, and secretion of various humoral factors that activate resident fibroblasts; they also have the potential to differentiate into fibroblasts.However, no specific surface markers have been identified to identify fibrocytes in vivo.One reason could be that the method used to detect fibrocytes requires intracellular collagen staining.In the present study, to establish an improved method for the detection of lung fibrocytes and to analyze viable fibrocytes, we used collagen I(α)2-green fluorescent protein (Col-GFP) reporter mice, which had undergone the intratracheal instillation of bleomycin (BLM).Using flow cytometry to gate out cells with autofluorescence, we clearly found that CD45 + GFP + cells resided in the lungs of Col-GFP mice at a steady state and these cells increased after BLM injury, peaking at day14.These cells expressed not only known cell surface markers of fibrocytes, but also some novel markers, in addition to a low level of collagen I in comparison to CD45 -GFP + cells.Our findings suggest that the improved method can be a useful for the detection of pure lung fibrocytes and allows us to further analyze the characteristics of viable fibrocytes.
A natural sulphated mucopolysaccharide (OKU40), extracted from a marine plant Dinoflagellata, and an artificial sulphated polysaccharide (OKU41), prepared from a marine Pseudomonas, displayed antiviral activities against several enveloped viruses. OKU40 and OKU41 were found to be homogenous in electrophoresis and sedimation velocity and had a molecular weight of 8.0 × 10 6 5.0 × 10 5 respectively. The sulphation rate of OKU40 and OKU41 was 8.9% and 5.4%, respectively. Each OKU40 and OKU41 inhibited the cytopathic effect of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), type 2 (HIV-2) and zidovudineresistant HIV-1 in MT-4 cells at similar concentrations to those of dextran sulphate (molecular weight: 5000) (50% inhibitory concentrations: 0.86-1.95 μg mL −1 ), whereas these compounds did not affect the growth and viability of mock-infected MT-4 cells at concentrations up to 500 μg mL −1 . These compounds proved inhibitory not only to HIV-1 and HIV-2 but also to other enveloped viruses, i.e. herpes simplex virus type 1, influenza virus A and B, respiratory syncytial virus and measles virus. OKU40 and OKU41 suppressed syncytium formation induced by cocultivation of MOLT-4/III b and MOLT-4 cells at concentrations higher than 20 μg mL −1 . Although OKU41 inhibited the binding of HIV-1 to the host cells and the binding of anti-gp120 monoclonal antibody to HIV-1 gp120, OKU40 did not inhibit these bindings, suggesting that the mechanism of anti-HIV activity of OKU40 and OKU41 may be primarily due to the inhibition of virus-cell fusion and viral adsorption to the host cells, respectively. Furthermore, these compounds did not inhibit to the blood coagulation process at a concentration that was significantly inhibitory to HIV replication. The compounds appear to have an interesting potential as virucidal agents.
Background: Histologic specimens obtained by EBUS-TBNA can guide treatment based on pathologic diagnosis and specific driver mutation. However, previous reports indicated that the yield for obtaining histologic specimen by ViziShot ® 22-G aspiration needle (Olympus: O needle) was only 50 to 60 percent. Recently, a new 22-G needle, the SonoTip EBUS Pro® (Medi-Globe: M needle) has become available. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the histologic specimen retrieval yields of the O and M needles during EBUS-TBNA. Methods: The subjects of the study were 94 patients who underwent EBUS-TBNA with M needle (214 punctures, M group). They were compared with a historical control group of 82 patients who underwent EBUS-TBNA with O needle (235 punctures, O group).The quality of the core tissue was evaluated by a pathologist and described according to a previously reported classification.A, diagnostic; B, non-diagnostic; and C, no specimen. Results: The number of histologic specimens that were evaluated was 214 for the M group and 235 for the O group. The histologic specimens in the M group were interpreted as A in 159 (74.3%), B in 28 (13.1%), C in 27 (12.6%). The histologic specimens in the O group were interpreted as A in 144 (61.3%), B in 60 (25.5%), C in 31 (13.2%). The yield of the M group for a diagnostic histologic sample was significantly higher than that of the O group (74.3% vs. 61.3%, p = 0.0035). Conclusions: Histologic specimens obtained by M needle had high sampling yields. Further developments on EBUS-TBNA needles are very important to improve sampling yields of core tissue, especially for targeted therapy.
A 20-kDa protein (p20) having 40% sequence similarity with Kunitz-type soybean trypsin inhibitor (STI) from Glycine max (soybean) cultured cells was expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant p20 (rp20) inhibited the activity of trypsin at the same level as STI (rp20, Ki=50nM; STI, Ki=75nM), and both rp20 and STI displayed non-competitive inhibition of trypsin activity. Although STI inhibited the activity of α-chymotrypsin (Ki=140nM) and elastase (Ki=207nM), rp20 did not inhibit the activity of α-chymotrypsin and elastase. These results show that p20 is a novel type of trypsin inhibitor.
ABSTRACT Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common condition. The treatment of knee OA aims to improve the quality of life and clinical symptoms, mainly knee pain. To develop a new treatment option, diclofenac etalhyaluronate (ONO-5704/SI-613; trade name: JOYCLU) was developed. Its anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving effects have been demonstrated. Conversely, adverse events have also been reported. Here, we report the case of a 71-year-old female who presented with anaphylaxis and prolonged allergic reactions after an intra-articular injection of JOYCLU. A basophil activation test (BAT) was performed to determine the cause of the anaphylaxis. BAT showed no positive findings. As the incidence of knee OA increases, the number of cases of JOYCLU use is expected to grow; therefore, careful administration is required. In this case, the cause was unknown by BAT. Thus, further development of appropriate testing methods is necessary. Intra-articular allergic reactions in knee OA may be modified and worsened besides normal allergic reactions; therefore, caution is required.
Journal Article Pstl and Rsal RFLPs in complete linkage disequilibrium at the CYP2E gene Get access J. Watanabe, J. Watanabe * * To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S.-I. Hayashi, S.-I. Hayashi Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K. Nakachi, K. Nakachi 1Epidemiology, Saitama Cancer Center Research InstituteInamachi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama 362, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K. Imai, K. Imai 1Epidemiology, Saitama Cancer Center Research InstituteInamachi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama 362, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Y. Suda, Y. Suda 2Division of Abdominal Surgery, Saitama Cancer Center HospitalInamachi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama 362, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar T. Sekine, T. Sekine 2Division of Abdominal Surgery, Saitama Cancer Center HospitalInamachi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama 362, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K. Kawajiri K. Kawajiri Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 18, Issue 23, 1 December 1990, Page 7194, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/18.23.7194 Published: 01 January 1990
