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The influences of different additives on the LIBs electrodes were investigated in detail. The action mechanism of SEI films between additives and CoO composites were confirmed too.
We report single-atom Cu catalysts dispersed on nitrogen-doped carbon by a nitrogen-coordination strategy. The presence of nitrogen enabled good dispersion and attachment of atomic Cu species on the nitrogen-doped carbon frameworks with Cu–Nx configurations. The Cu doping concentrations and Cu–Nx configurations were well-tuned by the pyrolysis temperature. At a high Cu concentration of 4.9%mol, the distance between neighboring Cu–Nx species was close enough to enable C–C coupling and produce C2H4. In contrast, at Cu concentrations lower than 2.4%mol, the distance between Cu–Nx species was large so that the electrocatalyst favored the formation of CH4 as C1 products. Density functional theory calculations further confirmed the capability of producing C2H4 by two CO intermediates binding on two adjacent Cu–N2 sites, while the isolated Cu–N4, the neighboring Cu–N4, and the isolated Cu–N2 sites led to formation of CH4. Our work demonstrates a facile approach of tuning active Cu sites for CO2 electroreduction to different hydrocarbons.
Abstract The electrochemical CO 2 reduction to CH 4 has been extensively demonstrated, but still suffers from relatively poor activity and requires high overpotentials especially at large electrolysis rates. Perovskite oxides (A x B y O) are one type of promising electrocatalyst for the CO 2 reduction due to their tunable electronic structures. In this work, a Ca 2 CuO 3 perovskite oxide catalyst is developed with alkaline‐earth A‐sites, featuring an inherently strong basic strengthand outstanding capability for CO 2 adsorption, as well as the undercoordinated Cu sites generated through partial surface Ca 2+ cation leaching. The Ca 2 CuO 3 catalyst exhibitsa high partial current density of 517 ± 23 mA cm −2 for producing CH 4 at a low applied potential of −0.30 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, which further reached to a peak value of 1452 ± 156 mA cm −2 . Density functional calculations show that the undercoordinated Cu sites allowed to promote the hydrogenation of * CO and subsequent * CHO intermediates, thus leading to the high CH 4 activity. This work suggests an attractive design strategy for tuning the A‐sites in perovskite oxides to realize high‐rate CO 2 ‐to‐CH 4 electrosynthesis with low overpotentials.
Pulmonary papillary adenoma is a rare tumor. A total of 32 cases was studied, include 31 cases in the literature. Most of the patients were asymptomatic, and tumor was usually discovered during a routine chest roentgenogram or with other disease. Most cases demonstrated benign behavior and there have been no recurrent cases after the operation or biopsy with the follow up of 6 to 120 months. However, there was some evidence indicating it can be locally aggressive or potentially malignant. We present the first case report of cancer development in a pulmonary papillary adenoma. In our case, the imaging findings progressed from initial well-defined border, without 18F-FDG accumulation, to one side rough edge after two years of follow up. Postoperative pathology revealed a partly well-defined tumor, without a fibrous capsule, but focally infiltrated the alveoli. Our case had definite areas of papillary adenoma, with focal acinar and micropapillary adenocarcinoma area near the central fibrosis. The papillary adenoma cells were with polarity and low expression of Ki67 and C-myc, without atypia or mitosis. But the adenocarcinoma cells were obviously different from them, with high expression of Ki67 and C-myc, indicating cancer development. MYC activation may play a role in tumorigenesis, and further investigation was needed. There was no EGFR mutation in both of the components.
Objective
To evaluate the application values of diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) combined with neuronavigation in microsurgery of insular gliomas.
Methods
The clinical data of 27 patients with insular gliomas, admitted to our hospital from March 2013 to October 2017, were analyzed retrospectively. All DTT images were transferred to the neuronavigation system, and the three-dimensional location of tumors and pyramidal tracts were re-constructed. Surgical approaches were designed and excision scopes were defined before the surgery. Techniques on how to distinguish and protect the key blood vessels and pyramidal tracts were discussed. The treatment efficacies were analyzed.
Results
Total lesion resection was achieved in 22 patients (81.5%), subtotal resection in 4 (14.8%), and partial resection in one (3.7%). Postoperative pathology indicated 7 were oligodendrogliomas, and 20 were astrocytomas, including WHO grade I in one, grade II in 18, and grade III in one. One patient had transient aphasia (recovery after two weeks), 2 experienced worsened hemiplegia on opposite side of their bodies (normal after one month), and the left 24 patients remained intact function after operation.
Conclusions
The combination of DTT and neuronavigation is safe and effective in surgical treatment for insular gliomas, which can protect the brain function at greatest degree and maximize lesion resection, and improve the postoperative quality of life.
Key words:
Neuronavigation; Diffusion tensor tractography; Insular; Glioma; Microsurgery
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