The complex of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and its ligand, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), plays an essential role in cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. These are emerging therapeutic targets, and recent studies have reported that inhibition of CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling pathway enhances the effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Thus, we aimed to investigate tissue expression of CXCL12 and CXCR4 in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) and to determine their potential as prognostic markers.We used chemotherapy-naïve, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded primary ovarian cancer tissues obtained from patients with advanced-stage HGSOC at the time of primary cytoreductive surgery. After histological reassessment, we constructed a tissue microarray and performed immunohistochemical staining for CXCL12 and CXCR4. Thereafter, clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes were compared between the high- and low-expression groups.A total of 97 patients with FIGO stage IIIC-IV HGSOC were included: 15 (15.5%), 66 (68.0%), and 13 (13.4%) patients showed high expression of CXCL12, CXCR4, and both, respectively. The expression level of each protein was not associated with germline BRCA1/2 mutational status, FIGO stage, or residual tumor after primary cytoreductive surgery. In multivariate analysis adjusted for confounders, high CXCL12 expression was identified as an independent poor prognostic biomarker for progression-free survival (adjusted hazards ratio, 1.990; 95% confidence interval=1.090-3.633; p=0.025). However, CXCR4 expression was not associated with patient survival outcomes.The CXCL12 expression level may represent a prognostic biomarker for HGSOC. Proteins related to the CXCL12/CXCR4 complex may serve as therapeutic targets in HGSOC treatment.
Prematurity, intrauterine infection and perinatal brain injury have been reported to be significant risk factors of cerebral palsy (CP). We examined the perinatal predictors of cerebral palsy and delayed development (DD) in 184 high risk infants. Thirty-five infants were diagnosed as cerebral palsy and delayed development at 12 months corrected age. Antenatal, intrapartum, and neonatal factors were prospectively evaluated in 2 groups of high risk infants compared with controls; Group A (n = 79), infants weighing less than 2,000 g; Group B (n = 43), infants weighing 2,000 g or more. In univariate analysis, there were no significant antenatal and intrapartum factors associated with cerebral palsy and delayed development in either group. We found that significant postnatal risk factors of CP in group A included sepsis (p = 0.008), BPD (bronchopulmonary dysplasia) (p = 0.028), IVH (intraventricular hemorrhage) (p = 0.042), ventriculomegaly (VM) (p = 0.001) and a longer duration of mechanical ventilation (p = 0.001); while in group B, sepsis (p = 0.047) and neonatal seizure (p = 0.027) were significant risk factors. In multivariate analysis, sepsis in group B was a moderate risk factor of CP (OR (odds ratio) 1.47; 95% CI (confidence interval) 1.02-2.13). In conclusion, neonatal sepsis may contribute to the development of cerebral palsy and delayed development. We suggest that high risk infants who have sepsis should be carefully followed for cerebral palsy and delayed development. The prevention of cerebral palsy may be feasible by decreasing neonatal risk factors such as sepsis during the neonatal period.
최근 몇 년 동안 글로벌 전자 상거래는 크게 발전했지만 물류 ‘라스트 마일’ 문제에도 직면해 있다. 본 연구는 중국 소비자들이 물류 ‘라스트 마일’ 로봇 배송의 태도와 의도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 평가하고자한다. DOI 이론과 TAM 이론을 결합하여 연구모형에서 제시된 요인을 파악하기 위해 온라인 소비자에게 통계적 조사 방법을 실시하였다. 또한, 구조 방정식 모델(SEM)을 설정하여 모형에 제시하는 변수 간의 관계를 분석하였다. 분석 결과에 따르며 상대 우위, 호환성 및 프라이버시 보호 요인이 배송 로봇에 대한 태도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 복잡성 요인은 배달 로봇을 사용하는 태도에 부정적인 영향을 미친다. 배송 로봇에 대한 적극적인 태도는 배송 로봇을 사용하려는 소비자의 의도와 연관된다. 배달 로봇의 장점과 독특한 특성은 전통적인 배달 방식과 구별되며 소비자의 인식에 강력한 영향을 미친다. 배달 로봇의 특성과 기능과 소비자의 생활방식과의 호환성은 배달 로봇에 대한 소비자의 태도에 영향을 미친다. 기존 배달 방식보다 배달 로봇이 더 높은 위치를 차지하도록 하는 배달 로봇의 특성 홍보를 강화하는 것이 중요하다. 배송 로봇과 환경의 호환성 이외에도 배송 기업은 배송 속도를 강화하고 배송 시간을 유연하게 하며 광고에서 배송 로봇 비용을 줄이는 데 집중해야 한다. 전통적인 배달에 비해 배달 로봇의 장점은 새로운 서비스와 녹색 서비스에 대한 소비자의 태도를 바꿀 수 있다. 물류 회사가 배송 비용을 절감하거나 고객에게 배달 로봇을 이용할 수 있는 할인이나 포인트를 제공하기 위하여 이러한 방법을 사용하도록 고객을 설득할 수 있는 운영 방식을 제시해야 한다.
The poor prognosis of ovarian cancer patients mainly results from a lack of early diagnosis approaches and a high rate of relapse. Only a very modest improvement has been made in ovarian cancer patient survival with traditional treatments. More targeted therapies precisely matching each patient are strongly needed. The aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a fundamental role in cancer development and progression in various types of cancer including ovarian cancer. Recent insight into this pathway has revealed the potential of targeting Wnt/β-catenin in ovarian cancer treatment. This study aims to investigate the effect of CWP232291, a small molecular Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor on ovarian cancer progression. Various in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo models are established for CWP232291 testing. Results show that CWP232291 could significantly attenuate ovarian cancer growth through inhibition of β-catenin. Noticeably, CWP232291 could also s suppress the growth of cisplatin-resistant cell lines and ovarian cancer patient-derived organoids. Overall, this study has firstly demonstrated the anti-tumor effect of CWP232291 in ovarian cancer and proposed Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibition as a novel therapeutic strategy against ovarian cancer.
The inspection of cracks on the surface of tunnel linings is a common method of evaluate the condition of the tunnel.In particular, determining the thickness and shape of a crack is important because it indicates the external forces applied to the tunnel and the current condition of the concrete structure.Recently, several automatic crack detection methods have been proposed to identify cracks using captured tunnel lining images.These methods apply an image-segmentation mechanism with well-annotated datasets.However, generating the ground truths requires many resources, and the small proportion of cracks in the images cause a class-imbalance problem.A weakly annotated dataset is generated to reduce resource consumption and avoid the class-imbalance problem.However, the use of the dataset results in a large number of false positives and requires post-processing for accurate crack detection.To overcome these issues, we propose a crack detection method using a ternary classifier.The proposed method significantly reduces the false positive rate, and the performance (as measured by the F1 score) is improved by 0.33 compared to previous methods.These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
In the last decade, the research of the usability of mobile phones has been a newly evolving area with few established methodologies and realistic practices that ensure capturing usability in evaluation. Thus, there exists growing demand to explore appropriate evaluation methodologies that evaluate the usability of mobile phones quickly as well as comprehensively. This study aims to develop a task-based usability checklist based on heuristic evaluations in views of mobile phone user interface (UI) practitioners. A hierarchical structure of UI design elements and usability principles related to mobile phones were developed and then utilized to develop the checklist. To demonstrate the practical effectiveness of the proposed checklist, comparative experiments were conducted on the usability checklist and usability testing. The majority of usability problems found by usability testing and additional problems were discovered by the proposed checklist. It is expected that the usability checklist proposed in this study could be used quickly and efficiently by usability practitioners to evaluate the mobile phone UI in the middle of the mobile phone development process.
The purpose of this study was to explore the influences of coach`s autonomy support and peer motivational climate on athletes` psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness in youth sport. This study examined the structural relationships between coach autonomy support, peer motivational climate and basic psychological needs for youth athletes. For this, self-reported response data using on sport climate questionnaire (SCQ), peer motivational climate questionnaire (PMCYISQ) and basic psychological needs (BPN) from 322 youth athletes were analyzed by correlation and structural equation modeling (SEM). The results, autonomy-supportive coaching is the best predictor of task-involving motivational climate and autonomy in the youth athletes. The results of this study implied the importance of the autonomy-supportive on enhancing team climate, performance, inter-personal relations and intrinsic motivation. Therefore, this study suggests that the education of physical and filed will be insight by the coaching styles were create an positive team climate and promote of basic psychological needs for youth athletes.
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