S.K. Maity

Indian Institute of Petroleum

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Jorge Ancheyta

Instituto Politécnico Nacional

Mohan S. Rana

Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research

Kirtika Kohli

Indian Institute of Petroleum

Ravindra Prajapati

University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

G. Murali Dhar

Indian Institute of Petroleum

P. Rayo

Mexican Institute of Petroleum

T. Srinivasa Rao

Institute of Engineering

B. Srinivas

Indian Institute of Chemical Technology

Fernando Alonso

Mexican Institute of Petroleum

Brajendra K. Sharma

University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

Cooperative Institutions

Indian Institute of Petroleum

Mexican Institute of Petroleum

Council of Scientific and Industrial Research

Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research

Instituto Politécnico Nacional

Aberystwyth University

National Metallurgical Laboratory

Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences

Lanzhou University

Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute

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Recovery and Recycling of Polymeric and Plastic Materials

Composites science and technology (2021)

Ravindra Prajapati Kirtika Kohli S.K. Maity Brajendra K. Sharma

The use of plastic materials is increasing worldwide because of their durability, cost-effectiveness, and light weight. This uncontrolled usage of plastic materials is creating severe disposal and environmental problems. This chapter includes recent and conventional practices for the recovery and recycling of plastic wastes. Brief classifications on the origin of plastic waste, such as thermoplastic, thermosetting, and elastomers, are specified. The sorting of plastic wastes plays a significant role in the overall performance of any recycling method. Various direct and indirect sorting methods are discussed along with their features and limitations. Recycling methods of plastic wastes are mainly classified as primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. Detailed literature analysis including the advantages and technical challenges of each recycling method is discussed. A comprehensive investigation of the literature showed that new and innovative recycling approaches for plastic waste, particularly the scientific and technical inventions in tertiary recycling, present problems that impact their practicality in the industrial and manufacturing sectors. Currently, the recycling of highly contaminated plastic wastes from medical and e-waste are creating new challenges for the recovery and recycling sectors.

Plastic Waste

Plastic bag

Thermoplastic elastomer

10.1007/978-981-16-3627-1_2

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Citations (12)

Dimethyl Sulfoxide as a Potential Solvent for Light Cycle Oil Valorization: Detailed Compositional Study of the Extraction Products

Kirtika Kohli Prasenjit Ghosh Vedant A. Joshi Pooja Yadav Deependra Tripathi

Light cycle oil is a low-quality and low-marketable by-product of a fluidized catalytic cracker (FCC) in a typical petroleum refinery and contains valuable aromatic components (mainly diaromatics). The present work investigates the extraction of these aromatic components from LCO using solvents such as nitromethane, n-formyl morpholine, dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. The experimental work indicated that dimethyl sulfoxide showed better results in terms of high aromatic distribution coefficient and diaromatics recovery. Because of its better performance and lesser toxicity compared to conventional solvents like n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide is an ideal candidate solvent for the solvent extraction process.Further, the extraction parameters optimization (varying solvent to feedstock ratio and extraction temperature) was also performed with dimethyl sulfoxide solvent with actual light cycle oil feedstock obtained from a refinery. The raffinate and extract products were characterized using different techniques such as Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and gas-chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for detailed hydrocarbon compositional analysis. GC-MS characterization results of extract hydrocarbons showed the presence of naphthalene derivatives (mainly 1-methylnaphthalene and 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene). Therefore, the aromatic rich extract product obtained after the extraction experiments can be further used as a valuable precursor feed stream in a hydrocarbon industry.

Light crude oil

10.2139/ssrn.4348082

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Colloidal stability tests on vacuum residue hydrocracked products obtained at increasing severity

International Journal of Oil Gas and Coal Technology (2019)

S.K. Maity Ravindra Prajapati Nivedita Singh Kirtika Kohli

Stability of the thermally hydrocracked products has been investigated by measuring different parameters such as colloidal instability index (CII), Stankiewicz plot (SP), qualitative-quantitative analysis (QQA), stability cross plots (SCP), spot tests, merit number and separability number (SN). Each parameter is measured in the products obtained from two vacuum residues having different asphaltene content. The stability of the hydrocracked product is different for the different parameters. But in general, the products obtained at lower and higher temperature are stable by most of the parameters. Spot test and separability number gives the similar results. Interestingly, it is found that the product obtained at 420°C from low asphaltene content feed is unstable by all above said stability parameters whereas the product (at 420°C) from high asphaltene content feed is stable, indicating that the stability of a hydrocracked product depends not only on the asphaltene content of a feed but also the nature of other components such as aromatic and resin. It is also observed that CII and SP parameters which are calculated from SARA fractions also predict colloidal stability with good agreement. [Received: November 24, 2016; Accepted: April 2, 2017]

Asphaltene

Residue (chemistry)

Thermal Stability

10.1504/ijogct.2019.10020964

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Citations (1)

Coking propensity during hydroprocessing of vacuum residues, deasphalted oils, and asphaltenes

Fuel (2017)

Ravindra Prajapati Kirtika Kohli S.K. Maity M. O. Garg

Asphaltene

Residue (chemistry)

Fluid catalytic cracking

Delayed coker

Coker unit

Refinery

Fuel oil

10.1016/j.fuel.2017.04.126

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Citations (30)

Effect of alumina preparation on hydrodemetallization and hydrodesulfurization of Maya crude

Catalysis Today (2004)

Mohan S. Rana Jorge Ancheyta P. Rayo S.K. Maity

10.1016/j.cattod.2004.07.029

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Citations (76)

Use of Polymers/ Waste Rubber in Road Network Development in Uttarakhand State

IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (2014)

K. Ram Kumar Anand Singh S.K. Maity Sandeep Negi

Proper utilization of industrial polymer/waste tyre rubber are a major threat to environment specially in developing countries where poverty, population and lack of proper waste management have catalyzed this problem.Use of waste polymer like waste tyres in road construction has potential for utilization and disposal these waste polymers instead of non-environment friendly methods like burning and landfills.In this paper we have highlighted the use of polymeric material in scientific as well as eco-friendly point of new.The main focus of this paper is to review and discuss the feasibility for using polymer modified bitumen (PMB) for developing high performance road network in uttarakhand.The experimental results reported in this paper are taken from the test sections of polymer modified bituminous (PMB) road laid at delhi-yamanotri marg near Herbertpur under a joint project of Indian Institute Of Petroleum (CSIR-IIP) and central road research institute (CRRI).This polymer modified bituminous road in the state is first of its kind.Three commercially available modified binders crumb rubber modifier (CRM) styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) and ethylene butyl acrylate (EBA) were used for construction of test sections; which were compared for their performance.Various physical tests like elastic recovery, softening point, penetration, viscosity and fail temperatures were carried out on modified binders and post construction evaluation tests like unevenness index measurement and Benkelman Beam Deflection tests were carried out on test sections.The results show the improvement in engineering properties like marshall stability, retained stability of road compared to unmodified bituminous road in terms of traffic and weather conditions of Uttarakhand.The findings of this research can serve as the base for the use of other wastes from the industries in roads making technology on which the research is already in progress at

10.9790/5736-07612835

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A study of separation of iron powder and preparation of Ti-Al alloy by selective electrolysis of ilmenite

S.K. Maity M. Chandrasekhar K M Godiwalla Partha Bhattacharyya B Nayak

Titanium and its alloys are very attractive materials due to its higher weight to strength ratio and high resistance towards corrosion. In this investigation, a laboratory scale trial has been conducted for extraction of titanium from ilmenite by fused salt electrolysis. Ilmenite prepared from beach sand in the purity of 95–96% was used as raw material for molten salt electrolysis studies. Process parameters for molten salt electrolysis were optimized by: (1) investigations on the degree of dissolution of iron and titanium from ilmenite in electrolytic baths, (2) optimization of bath composition and temperature to maximize the difference in the solubility of iron and titanium and (3) optimization of the degree of mechano-chemical activation of ilmenite for maximizing the difference in solubility. The molten salt electrolysis experiments were conducted for: (i) selective removal of iron and production of “synthetic rutile”, and (ii) electrolysis of “synthetic rutile” to produce titanium and its alloys. A suitable electrolytic cell was fabricated and the electrolysis was conducted in two stages using optimized mixture of chloride and halide bath at 900C in an inert atmosphere. In the first stage, the electrolysis was conducted of low voltage for selective electrolysis of iron ions to deposit on cathode. The TiO2 rich residue left in the anode chamber was collected and named as “synthetic rutile”. The efficiency of the 1st stage process was 40–45% and the purity of iron and titanium dioxide were 96–97% and 92%, respectively. In the second stage, the electrolysis was conducted at higher potential for preparation of Ti/ Ti-Al alloys using synthetic rutile prepared in the first stage process. The cathodic deposits were characterized by chemical method, namely by conventional technique as well as AAS, optical microscopy, XRD, SEM- EDAX. From the preliminary investigations, it can be inferred that Fe separation is feasible and Ti has been successfully deposited in the cathode as Ti-Al intermetallic.

Ilmenite

Rutile

Source

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Mixed oxide supported hydrodesulfurization catalysts—a review

Catalysis Today (2003)

G. Murali Dhar B. Srinivas Mohan S. Rana M. Pradeep Kumar S.K. Maity

Mixed oxide

10.1016/s0920-5861(03)00403-6

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Citations (295)

Effect of phosphorus on activity of hydrotreating catalyst of Maya heavy crude

Catalysis Today (2005)

S.K. Maity Jorge Ancheyta Mohan S. Rana P. Rayo

10.1016/j.cattod.2005.08.010

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Citations (41)

An exploratory study of electrodeposition of titanium using titanium dioxide carbon composite anode and molten aluminium cathode

Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy Section C (2009)

S.K. Maity Mayank Shekhar V. Ananth

The objective of this study is to deposit titanium metal on a molten metal pool of aluminium, by electrochemical reduction in titanium oxide, which is in the form of titanium dioxide carbon (TiO2–C) composite used as anodes in fused alkali chlorides. TiO2–C composite blocks were prepared by compaction. It was backed at 873–1073 K for 48 h. It is noticed that density, porosity and electrical resistivity of the blocks are increased with increase in TiO2 content. Electrochemical characteristics, namely I–V characteristics were studied using TiO2–C composite blocks as anode, molten aluminium as cathode in molten alkali chlorides. Electrolysis experiments were conducted using TiO2–C composite as anode and molten aluminium as cathode in the chloride melt at ∼1073 K. It is observed that the dissolution of anode blocks containing 70% titanium oxide were very smooth. At anode, the oxygen ion from the lattice of the TiO2 comes out and combines with carbon (anode) to form carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. In the bath, the titanium ion forms multivalent titanium chlorides (in situ) or titanium complexes with chloride ions. At cathode, titanium chlorides/complexes, which are formed in situ, dissociate as titanium ions and reduce to titanium particles. These particles deposited on the molten aluminium cathode and sink into it. The aluminium samples sectioned from the chilled electrolytic cell were undergone for chemical analysis and microscopic investigations. The micrographs of optical and SEM revealed the presence of dendritic needles of titanium rich phase in the aluminium matrix. The EDAX analysis on the needle shaped particles showed the formation of TiAl2 phase. The Faradic current efficiency of this process was 10–30%.

Titanium Dioxide

10.1179/174328508x370011

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Citations (6)